ToBS logo Thesaurus of British Surnames

Bibliography

This version prepared 12 November 2002.
Please send corrections or additions to JLD1@cam.ac.uk

  1. "Ask Glenda": Soundex history and methods. Available: http://roxy.sfo.com/~genealogysf/glenda.html. [Soundex]
  2. Family Reconstruction. (1966).
    {Contains a very detailed account of a manual technique, using Family Reconstitution Forms (FRF), for organizing parish register record linking pioneered by L. Henry. (The method to be used for resolving ambiguities is described in less detail, and would appear to be fairly subjective.)} [record linkage]
  3. William Farr 1807-1883: commemorative symposium (1985).
  4. News from the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure: Automatic record linking for family recognition. (1988). Local Population Studies, 40, 10-16.
    {A summary account of the work of the Centre. States that they can now perform fully-automatic family reconstitution. "We have tested the record-linking algorithms extensively against manual reconstructions, and we have found that they provide comparable, or superior results in a fraction of the time taken to link the records by hand.." Provides a brief but useful narrative description of the techniques, but no references to publications giving detailed accounts of the techniques.} [record linkage]
  5. Cognitive Science in Medicine: biomedical modeling. (1989). [record linkage; tbc]
  6. Special Issue on Record Linkage. (1992). Historical Methods, 25(2 (Spring)).
    {Ian Winchester's updated overview of the field came in HM 1992, no 4. Not GL} [record linkage; tbc]
  7. Do We Really Decide Relationships by A Preponderance of the Evidence. (1992). NGS Newsletter.
    {September-October 1992 issue of the NGS Newsletter (available through NGS, 4527 17th Street, North, Arlington, VA 22207-2399)} [record linkage; proof; tbc]
  8. Acheson, E. D. (1967). Medical record linkage. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [record linkage]
  9. Acheson, E. D. (Ed.). (1968). Record linkage in medicine. London: E.S. Livingstone Ltd. [record linkage]
  10. Adman, P., Baskerville, S. W., & Beedham, K. F. (1994). Computer-Assisted Record Linkage: or How Best to Optimize Links Without Generating Errors. History and Computing, 4(1), 2-15.
    {"Record linkage is arguably a more complex process than most of its practitioners realize. Once a historian decides to settle for a subset of the potential links that can be made between two sets of nominal records s/he is already involved in the process of sampling. Fine, if that is relevant to the enquiry at hand: but if the objective is to achieve the maximum number of 'true' links, then accurate judgement becomes paramount. The key assumption underlying this paper is that 'judgement' is the function of the historian, not the computer. It is our belief that no systematic algorithm, however sophisticated, can perform this task as well as can an experienced team of researchers equipped with an appropriate set of software tools. In this paper we develop this line of reasoning in the context of our work on early eighteenth-century elections, and describe the functions of a software package known as CARL - Computer-Assisted Record Linkage."} [record linkage; p/c]
  11. Ainsworth, W. A. (1973). A system for converting English text into speech. IEEE Transactions of Audio and Electroacoustics, 288-290. [text to speech]
  12. Allen, J. (1976). Synthesis of speech from unrestricted text. IEEE, 64(4). [text to speech]
  13. Allen, J., Carlson, R., Granström, B., Hunnicutt, S., Klatt, H., & Pisoni, D. B. (1979). Conversion of unrestricted text-to-speech (Unpublished monograph ). Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [text to speech]
  14. Aubergé, V. (1991). La synthèse de la parole: "des règles au lexique"., Université Stendhal, Grenoble, France. [speech synthesis]
  15. Baase, S. (1989). Computer algorithms, Introduction to design and analysis (2nd ed., pp. 242-244): Addison-Wesley. [algorithms]
  16. Baeza-Yates, R. A. (1989). Improved string searching. Software Practice and Experience, 19, 257-271. [algorithms]
  17. Bakiri, G., & Dietterich, T. G. (1991). Converting English texts to speech: a machine learning approach ( 91-30-1): Oregon State University. [text to speech]
  18. Baldwin, J. A., & Gill, L. E. (1982). The district number: a comparative test of some record matching methods. Community Medicine, 4, 265-275. [record linkage]
  19. Barker, R. (1985). Reconstituting the Family. Genealogists' Magazine, 21(9).
    {Based on a talk given at the Society of Genealogists. Gives a fairly full account of manual techniques for performing family reconstitution; in describing the work of the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structures mentions use of a computer only in connection with the analysis of the results of such a manual reconstitution. Then describes how genealogists could use essentially the same manual system of coloured record slips to analyze all the data they collect on surnames of interest, arguing: "This systematic way of attacking genealogy leaves much less margin for error, in my view. You cancel out many births by means of infant mortality - and know you've done so. You can slot births in because you recognise the pattern of birth interval. A five-year gap which should contain a baby may be filled from another parish. You can keep your finger on the variations of surname. There is, however, one other important advantage. Genealogy is a very self-indulgent form of research. It benefits, in the last instance, no-one but yourself, because no-one sees it. . . Don't stop being genealogists. Become *responsible* genealogists. Become family historians. If you use the Cambridge system, then you are not only helping yourself, you are making a useful contribution to historical research. Write-up your findings; deposit your slips in the record Office for others to borrow. Let the Record Office microfilm your reconstitutions. . ." (An editorial note refers to the Local Population Studies Society, formed by the Cambridge Group, as a source of further information.)} [record linkage; cambridge]
  20. Behrendt, W., Goble, C. A., Hutchinson, E., Jeffery, K. G., Kalmus, Macnee, C. A., & Wilson, M. D. (1993). Using an intelligent agent to mediate multibase information access. Paper presented at the Proceedings of a Workshop on Cooperating Knowledge Based Systems, Keele, UK, 7-9 Sept 1993, Keele. [information retrieval]
  21. Belin, T. R., & Rubin, T. B. (1995). A method for calibrating false-match rates in record linkage. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 90, 694-707. [record linkage; information retrieval]
  22. Ben Crane, L., Yeager, E., & Whitman, R. (1981). An introduction to linguistics.: Little, Brown and Company.
    {Chapter 4: History of English} [linguistics]
  23. Bernstein, J., & Nessly, L. (1981). Performance comparison of component algorithms for the phonemization of orthography. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 19th Annual Meeting. [algorithms; text to speech]
  24. Béchet, F., Spriet, T., & El-Bèze, M. (1996). Traitement spécifique des noms propres dans un système de transcription graphème-phonème. Avignon, France: JST. [text to speech; proper names]
  25. Binstock, A., & Rex, J. (1995). Practical algorithms for programmers, Practical algorithms for programmers (pp. 158-160). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. [algorithms]
  26. Bishop, C. M. (1995). Three-layer networks, Neural networks for pattern recognition (pp. 128-129). Oxford: Oxford University Press. [neural networks; pattern recognition]
  27. Borthwick, A., Papadouka, V., & Walker, D. (2001). Advanced name-matching techniques for immunization registries. New York Citywide Immunization Register. Available: http://www.choicemaker.com/MEDD_2001_Imm_Reg_Conference.pdf. [proper names; record linkage]
  28. Bouchard, G., & Pouyez, C. (1980). Name variations and computerised record linkage. Historical Methods, 13(2), 119-128. [record linkage; proper names]
  29. Bouchard, G. (1986). The processing of ambiguous links in computerised family reconstruction. Historical Methods, 19(1), 9-19. [record linkage; proper names]
  30. Bouchard, G. (1992). Current Issues and New Prospects for Computerized Record Linkage in the Provnce of Quebec. Historical Methods, 25(2), 67-73.
    {"Most of this article focuses on [work on a database of 665,000 baptism, marriage and death records for the period 1838-1971 in the Saguenay region of Quebec] in order to single out a few basic theoretical and methodological issues relating to automated record linkage. Some major lessons must be learned from our own accomplishments (and failures) and from the varying fates of the various well-known, large-scale automated record-linkage projects set up in the 1970s in the fields of history, demography and genetics. One of these lessons has to do with the close relationship between the nature and the quality of the data, the research goals, and the linkage strategies. The diversity of the pioneer projects has provided ample evidence of (1) the need to devise linkage systems consistent with the purposes of the research and the capacity of the data to support them; (2) the consequent contradiction that may arise between some ideal accuracy and efficiency levels; and (3) the difficult choice that has to be made in such circumstances."} [record linkage; p/c]
  31. Bourlet, C., & Minel, J. L. (1987). A Declarative System for Setting Up a Prosoprographical Database.,, 186-191.
    {Brief description of a 70,000 item database of data from13th century French tax registers, and the use of a Prolog-based scheme for determining whether items refer to the same individual.} [record linkage]
  32. Breiman, L., Friedman, J., Olshen, R., & Stone, C. (1984). Classification and regression trees.: Wadsworth International Group. [algorithms]
  33. Buntine, W. (1991). A theory of learning classification rules. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Technology, Sidney, Australia. [classification]
  34. Buntine, W., & Caruana, R. (1992). Introduction to IND Version 2.1 and recursive partitioning (Software manual ). Moffet Field, CA: NASA Ames Research Center. [algorithms]
  35. Buntine, W. (1992). Tree classification software. Paper presented at the Third National Technology Transfer Conference and Exposition, December 1992, Baltimore, MD. [classification; algorithms]
  36. Burney, P. (1955). Que sais-je?, L'orthographe (Vol. Collections). [orthography]
  37. Cameron, P. J. (1994). Graphs, trees and forests, Combinatorics (pp. 159-186). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [algorithms]
  38. Carney, E. (1994). A survey of English spelling. London. [orthography]
  39. Carvalho, J. (1989). Expert Systems and Community Reconstruction Studies., II, 97-102.
    {Brief description of a small-scale project that is to use a database, and a set of Prolog modules for record linking, life-story reconstruction, genealogical analysis and network reconstruction.} [record linkage]
  40. Catach, N. (1978). Que sais-je?, L'orthographe (Vol. Collections). [orthography]
  41. Catach, N. (1989). Informatique: traitement automatique du langage. Bulletin Liaisons-Heso. [text to speech]
  42. Catach, N., & Catach, L. (1992). Présentation du logiciel VOISINETTE, "Un correcteur à entrée phonétique". CNRS-INFOS. [phonetics; orthography]
  43. Chomsky, N., & Halle, M. (1968). The sound pattern of English. New York: Harper and Row. [phonetics; orthography]
  44. Christian, P. Surnames, Soundex codes and frequencies from Mike Foster's transcription of GRO marriage records for the March quarter of 1849. Available: http://www.sog.org.uk/cig/vol6/1849mq.zip. [proper names; Soundex]
  45. Christian, P. (1998). Soundex - can it be improved? Computers in Genealogy, 6(5), 8pp. [Soundex]
  46. Church, K. W. (1985). Stress assignment in letter to sound rules for speech synthesis. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Meeting. [text to speech; phonetics]
  47. Clemens, G. N., & Keyser, S. J. (1983). CV phonology: a generative theory of the syllable ( Vol. Monograph 9). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [phonetics]
  48. Coates, A. (1999). Matchmaker, Mitchmoker - is that a match? Or de-mystifying de-duplication. FoxTalk. Available: http://www.civilsolutions.com.au/publications/dedup.htm. [record linkage]
  49. Coker, C. H. (1985). A dictionary-intensive letter-to-sound program. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 78(Supplement 1, S7). [text to speech]
  50. Coleman, J., & Pierrhumbert, J. (1997). Stochastic phonological grammars and acceptability. Paper presented at the SIGPHON 3. [phonetics]
  51. Cook, P. G. (1990). Is Your John Cooke my John Cooke: introducing the "C-Vector" for finding common ancestors among databases. Genealogical Computing, 10(1), 37-38.
    {A heuristic for matching individuals in two lineage-linked databases, based on so-called C-vectors. Each vector corresponds to a separate individual, and lists in sequence the birth years of the individual, his/her parents and his/her grandparents, and the individual's sex, and name. (The scheme involves finding pairs of C-vectors which match on three or more known dates.)} [record linkage]
  52. Cooley, P. (1991). Biographs for 19th Century Family Records. Computers in Genealogy, 4(3), 104-111.
    {Shows how a biograph ("a potted life story on one individual", generated automatically from a PAF file) can be used together with some simple heuristics, to predict census returns, survivors, and electors, for checking against the actual lists.} [record linkage; census]
  53. Cooley, P. (1992). Generation and Usage of Machine-Readable files from the GRO Indexes. Computers in Genealogy, 4(5), 190-199.
    {Describes some techniques that have been developed for automatic enhancement of the output obtained from using a scanner to scan St. Catherine's House indexes, and describes the sort of test (making use of names and dates) that could be used to check whether two registrations refer to the same individual.} [record linkage; census]
  54. Copas, J. R., & Hilton, F. J. (1990). Record linkage: statistical models for matching computer records. Journal of the Royal Statistical Association, 153(Series A), 287-320. [record linkage]
  55. Cotto, D. (1992). Traitement automatique des textes en vue de la synthèse vocale., Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, Toulouse, France. [text to speech]
  56. Cunningham, H., Wilks, Y., & Gaizauskas, R. (1996). GATE: A General Architecture for Text Engineering. Paper presented at the Proceedings of COLING-96, Copenhagen, 1996, Copenhagen. [algorithms]
  57. Davey, C. (1990). Reconstructing Local Population History: the Hatfield and Bobbingworth districts of Essex, 1550-1880. [record linkage]
  58. Davey, C., & Jarvis, A. S. (1990). Microcomputers for Microhistory: a database approach to the reconstruction of small English populations. History and Computing, 2(3), 187-193.
    {Describes a scheme, based on the use of a relational database, for assisting local amateur historians to perform family reconstitutions. Baptisms, Marriages and Burials are kept in three base tables. "For every marriage, or implied marriage, all associated baptisms, burials and remarriages are found. Links between entities are made by matching the character strings that represent names. In addition, certain logical, biological and social conventions [Wrigley, 1966] are observed which limit the number of possible links to only probable links." Possible links are kept in separate tables. Uses Soundex, plus a list of special cases, for matching names. The user is then provided on request with all the relevant information on screen in order that he/she can perform resolution of competing links manually.} [record linkage]
  59. De Brou, D., & Olsen, M. (1986). The Guth algorithm and the nominal record linkage of multi-ethnic populations. Historical Methods, 19(1), 20-24. [algorithms; record linkage]
  60. De Buono, B. A. (1996). Launching the New York State Immunization Information System (NYSIIS). New York: New York State Department of Health. [record linkage; proper names]
  61. Dedina, M. J., & Nusbaum, H. C. (1991). PRONOUNCE: a program for pronunciation by analogy. Computer Speech and Language, 5, 55-64. [text to speech]
  62. DeFrancis, J. (1984). The Chinese language: fact and fantasy.: University of Hawaii Press. [phonetics]
  63. Dematteis, K., Lutz, R., & McCallum-Bayliss, H. (2001). Whose name is it: names, ownership and databases. Onomastix. Available: http://www.onomastix.com/about_ono/whitepapers/wp_ans.htm. [proper names]
  64. Deshmukh, N., & Picone, J. (1996). Automatic generation of N-best pronunciations of proper nouns. IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, in press. [proper names; text to speech]
  65. Deshmukh, N., Weber, M., & Picone, J. (1996). Automated generation of N-best pronunciations of proper nouns. Paper presented at the Proceedings of ICASSP '96, May 1996, Atlanta, GA. [proper names; text to speech]
  66. Deshmukh, N. (1997). Automatic proper noun pronunciations.: Institute for Signal and Information Processing, Mississippi State University. [proper names; text to speech]
  67. Deshmukh, N., Ngan, J., Hamaker, J., & Picone, J. (1997). An advanced system to generate multiple pronunciations of proper names. Paper presented at the Proceedings of ICASSP '97, April 1997, Munich, Germany. [proper names; text to speech]
  68. Despain, B. (2001). Processing personal names: a methodology for the study of onomastics. Available: http://www.burgoyne.com/pages/bdespain/nads/nads-toc.htm. [proper names]
  69. Diaz, B. (1994). Nominal data visualisation: the Star-Trek paradigm. Computers in Genealogy, 5(1), 23-34. [proper names]
  70. Dirksen, A., & Coleman, J. (1994). All-prosodic speech synthesis. Paper presented at the Second ECSA/IEEE Workshop on Speech Synthesis. [text to speech]
  71. Divay, M. (1984). De l'écrit vers l'oral ou contribution à l'étude des traitements des textes écrits en vue de leur prononciation sur synthétiseur de parole., Université de Rennes, Rennes, France. [text to speech]
  72. Divay, M. (1985). A text-processing expert system. Paper presented at the 5ème Congrès Reconnaissance des Formes et Intelligence Artificielle, Novembre 1985, Grenoble, France. [algorithms]
  73. Divay, M. (1990). Traitement du langage naturel: la phonétisation ou comment apprendre à l'ordinateur à lire un texte Français. Micro-Systèmes. [text to speech]
  74. Divay, M. (1990). A written processing expert system for text to phoneme conversion. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the International Conference on Spoken Language (ICSLP 90), Kobe, Japan. [text to speech]
  75. Divay, M. (1991). CD-ROM electronic dictionary ( Vol. November). [phonetics]
  76. Divay, M. (1994). Indexation phonétique et recherche documentaire, Proceedings of the 9ème Congrès AFCET (Vol. Vol 2: Intelligence Artificielle). Paris, France. [phonetics]
  77. Divay, M., & Vitale, A. J. (1997). Algorithms for grapheme-phoneme translation for English and French: applications for database searches and speech synthesis. Computational Linguistics, 23(4), 495-523. [text to speech; algorithms]
  78. Dobson, E. J. (1968). English pronunciation ( 2nd ed.). Oxford. [phonetics]
  79. Dolby, J. L. (1970). An algorithm for variable length proper-name compression. Journal of Library Automation, 3/4, 257. [proper names; algorithms]
  80. Dunn, H. L. (1946). Record linkage. American Journal of Public Health, 36, 1412-1416. [record linkage]
  81. Edgington, S. (1985). Microhistory: local history and computing.
    {Ref: Rogers and Smith} [record linkage; tbc]
  82. Elovitz, H. S., Johnson, R. W., McHugh, A., & Shore, J. E. (1976). Automatic translation of English text to phonetics by means of letter-to-sound rules ( NRL Report 7948). Washington, DC: Naval Research Laboratory. [text to speech]
  83. Fellegi, I. P., & Sunter, A. B. (1969). A theory for record linkage. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 64, 1183-1210. [record linkage]
  84. Floyd, S. (1993). The family history transcription system. Computers in Genealogy, 4(11), 485-486. [proper names]
  85. Foster, M., & al., e. Transcriptions of the GRO marriage records for the March quarter of 1849. Available: http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/genuki/StCathsTranscriptions/#Complete1849MQ. [proper names]
  86. Frisch, S. (1997). Similarity and frequency in phonology. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Northwestern University.
    {Available at ROA} [phonetics]
  87. Gaizauskas, R., Cunningham, H., Wilks, Y., Rodgers, P., & Humphreys, K. (1996). GATE: an environment to support research and development in natural language engineering. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, Toulouse, France, 1996, Toulouse. [algorithms]
  88. Gallian, J. A. (1989). Check digit methods. International Journal of Applied Engineering Education, 5, 503-505. [algorithms]
  89. Gill, L. E., & Baldwin, J. A. (1987). Methods and technology of record linkage: some practical considerations. In J. A. Baldwin & E. D. Acheson & W. J. Graham (Eds.), Textbook of medical record linkage (pp. 39-54). Oxford: Oxford University Press. [record linkage; algorithms]
  90. Gill, L. E., Goldacre, M. J., Simmons, H. M., Bettley, G. A., & Griffith, M. (1993). Computerised linkage of medical records: methodological guidelines. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 47, 316-319. [proper names; record linkage; algorithms]
  91. Gill, L. E. (1997). Ox-link - the Oxford Medical Record Linkage System, Record linkage techniques - 1997 (pp. 15-32): University of Oxford. [record linkage; proper names; algorithms]
  92. Gnanadesikan, A. (1997). Phonology with ternary scales. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. [phonetics]
  93. Goble, C. A. (1994). Multimedia databases: status, challenges and issues (Technical report CSTR-94-03): University of Southampton. [information retrieval]
  94. Goldacre, M. J. (1986). Current position and future prospects. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the Workshop on Computerised Record Linkage in Health Research, Toronto. [record linkage; proper names]
  95. Golding, A. R. (1991). Pronouncing names by a combination of case-based and rule-based reasoning., Stanford University. [proper names; text to speech]
  96. Golding, A. R., & Rosenbloom, P. S. (1993). A comparison of anapron with seven other name-pronunciation systems. Journal of the American Voice Input/Output Society, 14, 1-21. [anapron; proper names; text to speech]
  97. Gonnet, G. H., & Baeza-Yates, R. A. (1991). Boyer-Moore text searching, Handbook of algorithms and data structure (2nd ed., pp. 256-259): Addison-Wesley. [information retrieval; algorithms]
  98. Gonzales, S., & Tubach, J. P. (1982). Réseaux connexionistes pour la traduction orthographique phonétique: applications à l'Espagnol et au Français. Paper presented at the 13ème Journées d'Études sur la Parole, Montréal, Canada. [text to speech]
  99. Gray, P. M. D., Preece, A., Fiddian, N. J., Gray, W. A., Bench-Capon, T. J. M., Shave, M. J. R., Azarmi, N., Wiegand, M., Ashwell, M., Beer, M., Cui, Z., Diaz, B., Embury, S. M., Hui, K., Jones, A. C., Jones, D. M., Kemp, G. J. L., Lawson, E. W., Lunn, K., Marti, P., Shao, J., & Visser, P. R. S. (1997). KRAFT: knowledge fusion from distributed databases and knowledge bases. Paper presented at the Database and Expert System Applications (DEXA'97), Toulouse, France, Toulouse. [record linkage; information retrieval]
  100. Greenberg, J. (1990). A quantitative approach to the morphological typology of language. In K. Denning & S. Kemmer (Eds.), On language: selected writings of Joseph H. Greenberg. Stanford: Stanford University Press. [phonetics]
  101. Guarino, N., & Giaretta, P. (1995). Ontologies and knowledge bases: towards a terminological clarification. In N. Mars (Ed.), Towards very large knowledge bases: knowledge building and knowledge sharing (pp. 22-25). Amsterdam: IO Press. [information retrieval]
  102. Guarino, N. (1997). Understanding, building and using ontologies: a commentary to Using explicit ontologies in KBS development, by van Heijst, Schreiber, and Wielinga. International Journal of Human and Computer Studies, 46, 293-310. [information retrieval]
  103. Guth, G. J. A. (1976). Surname spellings and computerized record linkage. Historical Methods, 10(1), 10-19. [proper names; record linkage]
  104. Hair, P. E. H., & Phillips, C. B. (1989). The Cheshire parish register transcription project 1978-1989. Local Population Studies, 43, 55-61. [proper names]
  105. Halle, M., & Keyser, S. J. (1971). English stress: its form, its growth and its role in verse. New York: Harper and Row. [phonetics]
  106. Hamming, R. W. (1986). Coding and information theory ( 2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. [algorithms]
  107. Harland, D. (1963). Genealogical Research Standards (A Basic Course in Genealogy, Vol. 2).
    {One book that I really like on genealogy is called "Genealogical Research Standards" by Derek Harland (first published as "A Basic Course in Genealogy, Vol. 2"), (Salt Lake City, UT: Bookcraft, Inc., 1963.) The first section, "Evidence Evaluation and Discrepancies" contains 4 chapters that deal with evaluating genealogical records, dealing with discrepancies, and linking records and people in as scholarly manner as existing records permit. Although it has nothing to do with using computers for record analysis, I think he gives a real good system to analyze records. [troyadair@utah-inter.net (Troy Adair)]} [proof; genealogy; record linkage; tbc]
  108. Harvey, C., & Press, J. (1996). Databases in historical research: theory, methods and applications. Basingstoke. [information retrieval]
  109. Hayes, B. (1996). Phonetically driven phonology: the role of optimality theory and inductive grounding. Paper presented at the Conference on Formalism and Functionalism in Linguistics, Milwaukee. [phonetics]
  110. Henstock, A. (1973). House Repopulation From the Census Returns of 1841 and 1851. Local Population Studies, 10, 37-52.
    {Description of the linking together of the 1841 and 1851 Census Returns and the Tithe Apportionments and Maps of the 1830s, 40s and 50s. (UNL PER 300 LOC)} [record linkage; house; repopulation; census]
  111. Hermansen, J. C. (1985). Automatic name searching in large data bases of international names., Georgetown University, Washington, DC. [proper names; information retrieval]
  112. Hertz, S. R. (1979). Appropriateness of different rule types in speech synthesis. In J. J. Wolf & D. H. Klatt (Eds.), Speech communication papers (Vol. No. 50, pp. 511-514): Acoustical Society of America. [algorithms; text to speech]
  113. Hertz, S. R. (1981). SRS text-to-phoneme rules: a three-level strategy. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP). [text to speech]
  114. Hertz, S. R. (1982). From text to speech with SRS. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 72, 1155-1170. [text to speech]
  115. Hertz, S. R. (1983). The "morphology" of English spelling ( Working Paper 1): Cornell Phonetics Laboratory. [phonetics]
  116. Hertz, S. R. (1985). A versatile dictionary for speech synthesis by rule. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 77(Supplement 1, S11). [text to speech]
  117. Hieronymus, J. L. (1994). ASCII phonetic symbols for the world's languages: Worldbet (Technical Memo ): AT&T Bell Laboratories. [phonetics]
  118. Hitchon, J. (1983). Russell Soundex Code: a BBC Basic program. Computers in Genealogy, 1(5), 122-123. [record linkage; soundex]
  119. Hochberg, J., Mniszewski, S. M., Calleja, T., & Papcun, G. J. (1990). What's in a name? Last names as a computational problem (Unpublished manuscript ). Los Alamos, NM: Los Alamos National Laboratory. [proper names]
  120. Hochberg, J., Mniszewski, S. M., Calleja, T., & Papcun, G. J. (1991). A default hierarchy for pronouncing English. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Matching and Machine Intelligence, 13(9), 957-964. [phonetics]
  121. Hollingsworth, T. H. (1969). Historical Demography.
    {Ref Razzell - discussion of reconsitution methodology} [record linkage; tbc]
  122. Holmes, W. N. (1975). Identification number design. The Computer Journal, 14, 102-107. [record linkage]
  123. Howe, G. R. (1998). Use of computerized record linkage in cohort studies. Epidemiological Review, 20, 112-121. [record linkage; proper names]
  124. Hu, T. C. (1982). Heuristic algorithms, Combinatorial algorithms (pp. 202-239): Addison-Wesley. [algorithms]
  125. Hunnicutt, S. (1976). Phonological rules for a text-to-speech system. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, Microfiche 57. [phonetics; text to speech]
  126. Hunnicutt, S. (1980). Grapheme to phoneme rules: a review ( STL-QPSR 2-3). [text to speech]
  127. Iredale, D. (1977). Discovering Your Old House.
    {Though only a small book, part of which discusses how to date a house using architectural clues, it also contains a very good summary account of the various documents that should be sought in libraries and archives in order to determine the history of a house.} [house; repopulation; record linkage; p/c]
  128. Jardine, C. J., & MacFarlane, A. D. J. (1978). Computer Input of Historical Records for Multi-Source Record Linkage.,, 71-78.
    {A fascinating account of the means by which completely transcribed documents were marked up in order to make the individuals, property, etc., and the relationships that they refer to evident, ready for computer input.} [record linkage; history]
  129. Kaplan, R. M., & Kay, M. (1994). Regular models of phonological rule systems. Computational Linguistics, 20(3). [phonetics]
  130. Kasabov, N. K. (1996). Kohonen self-organising topological maps, Foundations of neural networks, fuzzy systems, and knowledge engineering (pp. 293-298). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [algorithms; information retrieval]
  131. Kenstowicz, M. (1994). Phonology in generative grammar.: Blackwell. [phonetics]
  132. King, S. (1994). Record Linkage in a Protoindustrial Community. History and Computing, 4(1), 27-33.
    {" . . . a database containing over 80,000 demographic records relating to two Yorkshire villages has been assembled. This article traces the logic, problems and outcome of applying substantially automated Family Reconstitution techniques to one of these villages. In particular, it is suggested that by learning a relatively simple programming language like Rexx, it is possible to overcome the limitations of established database programs and bypass much of the monotony of the kind that characterizes manual linkage."} [record linkage; p/c]
  133. Klatt, D. H., & Shipman, D. W. (1982). Letter-to-phoneme rules: a semi-automatic discovery procedure. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 82(737-793).
    {THIS REFERENCE MAY BE WRONG!} [text to speech]
  134. Klatt, D. H. (1987). Review of text to speech conversion for English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 82(3), 737-793.
    {THIS REFERENCE MAY BE WRONG!} [text to speech]
  135. Knuth, D. E. (1973). Sorting and searching, The art of computer programming (Vol. 3, pp. 391-392): Addison-Wesley. [algorithms]
  136. Lait, A. J., & Randell, B. (1996). An assessment of name matching algorithms ( 550). Newcastle-upon-Tyne: University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. [proper names; record linkage; algorithms]
  137. Lait, A. J., & Randell, B. (1998). An assessment of name matching algorithms. Society of Indexers Genealogical Group Newsletter, 17. [record linkage; proper names; algorithms]
  138. Laporte, E. (1988). Méthodes algorithmiques et lexicales de phonétisation de textes., Université de Paris VII. [algorithms; text to speech]
  139. Leeson, F. A standard generation-letter system. Computers in Genealogy, 1(3), 76. [tbc; record linkage]
  140. Leiss, J. K., & Suchindran, C. M. (1996). Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and local meteorologic temperature in North Carolina: no interaction. American Journal of Epidemiology, 144, 111-115. [proper names; record linkage]
  141. Levenshtein, V. I. (1966). Binary codes capable of correcting deletions, insertions and reversals. Soviet Physics Doklady, 10(8), 707-710. [algorithms]
  142. Levin, H. (1963). A basic research program on reading ( Final Report, Cooperative Research Project No. 639): Cornell University. [phonetics]
  143. Liberman, M. Y., & Prince, A. (1977). On stress and linguistic rhythm. Linguistic Inquiry, 8(2), 249-336. [phonetics]
  144. Llitjós, A. F. (2001). Improving pronunciation accuracy of proper names with language origin classes. Unpublished MA thesis, Carnegie Mellon University.
    {Includes an interesting (and not particularly technical) overview of the problems of mapping letters to sounds, and some of the approaches that have been tried.} [proper names; text to speech]
  145. Lombardi, L. (1998). University of Maryland Working Papers in Linguistics: manuscript.: University of Maryland. [linguistics]
  146. Lothaire, M. (1997). Words and trees, Combinatorics on words (pp. 213-227). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [algorithms]
  147. Luc, J. (1995). Multimodal maps: an agent-based approach, International Conference on Cooperative Multimodal Communication (CMC95), 24-26 May 1995, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. Eindhoven. [algorithms]
  148. Lucas, S. M., & Damper, R. I. (1992). Syntactic neural networks for bi-directional text-phonetics translation. In G. Bailly & C. Benoit (Eds.), Talking machines: theories, models and designs.: North-Holland Publishers. [neural networks; text to speech]
  149. Lucassen, J. M., & Mercer, R. L. (1984). An information theoretic approach to the automatic determination of phonemic baseforms. Paper presented at the Proceedings of ICASSP-84, San Diego, CA. [phonetics]
  150. Lutz, R. (1997). The use of phonological information in automatic name searching. Paper presented at the Proceedings of Symposium on Advanced Information Processing and Analysis, March 25-27, 1997, Vienna, VA. [phonetics; proper names; information retrieval]
  151. Lutz, R. (2001). The use of phonological information in automatic name searching. Onomastix. Available: http://www.onomastix.com/about_ono/whitepapers/wp_aipa.htm. [phonetics; proper names; information retrieval]
  152. Lutz, R., & Greene, S. (2001). Measuring phonological similarity: the case of personal names. Onomastix. Available: http://www.onomastix.com/about_ono/whitepapers/wp_lsa.htm. [phonetics; proper names]
  153. Lynch, B. T., & Arends, W. I. (1977). Selection of a surname encoding procedure for the Statistical Reporting Service record linkage system. Washington, DC: United States Department of Agriculture. [record linkage; proper names]
  154. Macfarlane, A., Harrison, S., & Jardine, C. (1977). Reconstructing Historical Communities.
    {(UNL 301.340722 MAC) This fascinating book describes the development and use of a sophisticated manual technique for creating a set of inter-related indexes to data obtained from a variety of documents in order to perform a "total reconstitution" of a given small community. The technique is illustrated mainly by reference to a fourteen-year long study of the history of the villages of Earls Colne in Essex, and Kirby Lonsdale in Cumbria, covering the period 1500-1750. The twelve document types dealt with in detail are: Anglican parish registers, manorial rentals, court baron land transfers, frankpledge listings, court leek cases, church court cases, quarter sessions cases, assize depositions, hearth tax records, wills, probate inventories, and population listings. For each of these document types, details of the indexing techniques used are described. In the case of Earls Colne, whose population was about 1200, the parish registers alone resulted in about 30,000 index cards, and the total for the twelve sets of records was nearly 140,000 cards. The analyses that the integrated set of indexes make feasible are very impressive. Far more complete family reconstructions can be produced than would be possible using just the parish register data. (One example shows a family tree which includes 25 marriages only four of which could be traced from parish register entries alone.) Similarly, extremely detailed historical accounts of the ownership and land and property are made feasible. (For Earls Colne it is "possible to know who owned every one of the approximately 650 separate parcels of property, land or housing, at any point in the last four hundred years.") Moreover, much can be learnt about the accuracy and the completeness of the data contained in the various types of document, and indeed about what some of the documents really mean, so that the author claims that one can learn far more about a typi 155@al English community during the period covered, both on an individual basis, and as a whole, than had hitherto been thought possible. The final chapter, incidentally, contains a careful analysis of how the manual techniques described could be aided by computer processing (albeit written in terms of then-current large mainframe computers). The task of doing a complete family reconstitution project manually for a village of 1000 inhabitants over a period of 300 years, based solely on parish registers, is estimated at 1,500 hours. A "total reconstitution" of the type described of such a community is estimated as needing 10 to 20 manyears if performed manually, or about 3 to 4 manyears if aided by computer.} [record linkage; local; history]
  155. Mavrogeorge, B. B. (1993). Coding and techniques. [algorithms]
  156. McCormick, S., & Hertz, S. R. (1989). A new approach to English text-to-phoneme conversion using delta, version 2. 117th meeting. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 85(Supplement 1, S124). [text to speech]
  157. McIlroy, M. D. (1974). Synthetic English speech by rules (Memo ): Bell Telephone Laboratories. [text to speech]
  158. Meng, H. M. (1995). Phonological parsing for bi-directional letter-to-sound and sound-to-letter generation. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA. [text to speech]
  159. Mills, D. R. (1978). The Technique of House Repopulation: Expereince from a Cambridgeshire village, 1841. Local Historian, 13(2), 86-94.
    {Describes the technique of (manual) linking of the 1841 Census Return, and a 1839 Tithe Apportionment, aided by various other information sources, used to "repopulate" the houses of the Cambridgeshire village of Melbourn.} [house; repopulation; record linkage; p/c]
  160. National Health Service, & Department of Health. (1990). Working for patients: framework for implementing systems: the next steps. London: HMSO. [record linkage; proper names]
  161. Nault, F., & Desjardins, B. (1989). Computers and Historical Demography: the reconstitution of the early Québec population., II, 143-148.
    {Description of a very large family reconstruction project; it is stated that the method used, though "often incorrect at the individual level . . . yields results that are statistically valid."} [record linkage]
  162. Newcombe, H. B., Kennedy, J. M., Axford, S. J., & James, A. P. (1959). Automatic linkage of vital records. Science, 130(3381), 954-959. [record linkage; proper names]
  163. Newcombe, H. B., & Kennedy, J. M. (1962). Record Linkage: making maximum use of the discriminating power of identifying information. Comm. ACM, 5, 563-565. [record linkage]
  164. Newcombe, H. B. (1967). The design of efficiency systems for linking records into individual and family histories. American Journal of Human Genetics, 19, 335-339. [proper names; record linkage]
  165. Newcombe, H. B. (1987). Record linking: the design of efficiency systems for linking records into individual and family histories. In J. A. Baldwin & E. D. Acheson & W. J. Graham (Eds.), Textbook of medical record linkage (pp. 39-54). Oxford: Oxford University Press. [record linkage; proper names]
  166. Newcombe, H. B. (1988). Handbook of record linkage: methods for health and statistical studies, administration, and business. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [record linkage; proper names]
  167. Ngan, J., Ganapathiraju, A., & Picone, J. (1998). Improved surname pronunciations using decision trees. [proper names; text to speech]
  168. Nissel, M. (1987). People count, A history of the General Register Office (pp. 124-142). London: HMSO. [proper names]
  169. Noble, M. (1982). Land Tax Returns and Urban Development. Local Historian, 15, 86-42.
    {An analysis of ten year samples of the land tax returns of six market towns in the East Riding of Yorkshire. "The problem of counting a property owner twice was avoided by using a card index of personal names which recorded place of residence, a description of the land and/or property held, and the tax paid at successive dates. Family ties and inheritance were not assumed merely by surname, only when definite evidence existed to indicate such a tie. This apart, all new names that appeared in the assessment were counted as 'new' taxpayers, although some of the property may have been an unidentified inheritance. . . .The turnover of land and property, in ten-year periods, was analyzed by calculating the number of new taxpayers and the numbers leaving and staying respectively for each period. The total number of landowners and the total number of taxable properties were also recorded. Owner occupiers were analyzed as a percentage of all taxpayers, while the number of 'multiple tenancies', that is those properties tenanted by several individuals, was also noted."} [record linkage; land; tax]
  170. O'Malley, M. H. (1990). Text-to-speech conversion technology. Computer IEEE, 17. [text to speech]
  171. O'Shaughnessy, D., Lennig, M., Mermelstein, P., & Divay, M. (1981). Simulation d'un lecteur automatique du Français. Paper presented at the 12ème Journées d'Études sur la Parole, Montréal, Canada. [text to speech]
  172. Odell, M. K., & Russell, R. C. (1922). Soundex phonetic comparison system ( U.S. Patent 1261167 (1918); U.S. Patent 1435663 (1922)). [Soundex]
  173. Odell, J. J. (1992). The use of decision trees with context sensitive phoneme modelling. Unpublished MPhil thesis, Cambridge University, Cambridge. [phonetics; algorithms]
  174. Onomastix. Onomastix White Papers on surname matching. Available: http://www.onomastix.com/about_ono/whitepapers.asp. [proper names]
  175. Parfitt, S., & Sharman, R. (1991). A bi-directional model of English pronunciation, Proceedings of Eurospeech (Vol. 2, pp. 801-804). [phonetics]
  176. Park, K., & Park, T. (1993). Family history knowledge UK 1992/93. Mountain Ash, Mid-Glamorgan: Family History Club. [proper names]
  177. Patman, F., & Shaefer, L. (2001). Is Soundex good enough for you? On the hidden risks of Soundex-based name searching. Onomastix. Available: http://www.onomastix.com/about_ono/whitepapers/wp_soundex.htm. [Soundex]
  178. Pidd, M. (1996). Heuristic approaches, Tools for thinking: modelling in management science (pp. 281-310): John Wiley and Sons. [algorithms]
  179. Preece, A., Hui, K., & Gray, P. M. D. (1999). KRAFT: supporting virtual organisations through knowledge fusion. In T. Finin & B. Grosof (Eds.), Artificial intelligence for electronic commerce: papers from the AAAI-99 Workshop (pp. 33-38): AAAI Press. [algorithms]
  180. Preece, A., Hui, K., Gray, W. A., Marti, P., Bench-Capon, T. J. M., Jones, D. M., & Cui, Z. (1999). The KRAFT architecture for knowledge fusion and transformation. Paper presented at the 19th SGES International Conference on Knowledge-based Systems and Artificial Intelligence (ES'99), Berlin.
    {Best technical paper award} [algorithms]
  181. Price, R. W. (1987). Child-Naming Patterns in Three Villages, 1558-1740: Whickham, Durham; Bottesford, Leicester; and Hartland, Devon.
    {An analysis based on three parishes that have been "reconstituted" by the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure. "Although regional tendencies are evident, the overall conclusion is definitive. First sons were named most frequently for the father's father, second sons for the father and less frequently for the mother's father. First daughters shared names most often with the father's mother. Older daughters were named for their mothers and less often for maternal grandmothers. Both sons and daughters were most frequently named for their father's family. England prior to 1750 showed stronger patriarchal leanings than any other English-speaking culture that has been studied."} [surnames; hartland; devon; cambridge; record linkage; p/c]
  182. Prince, A., & Smolensky, P. (1993). Optimality theory: constraint interaction in generative grammar.: MIT Press. [text to speech]
  183. Prouts, B. (1980). Contribution à la synthèse de la parole à partir de texte; transcription graphémo-phonétique en temps réel sur microprocesseur. Unpublished Thèse de Docteur-Ingénieur, Université de Paris Sud, Orsay, Paris, France. [text to speech]
  184. Quinlan, J. R. (1993). C4.5: programs for machine learning.: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. [algorithms]
  185. Reaney, P. H., & Wilson, R. M. (1977). A dictionary of English surnames ( 3rd, revised by R.M. Wilson ed.). Oxford. [proper names]
  186. Rey, A., Duval, A., Vienne, B., Struyf, B., Divay, M., Lootens, T., & Zimmermann, S. (1989). Le Robert Électronique ( CD-ROM ed. Vol. November). [proper names; phonetics]
  187. Rhind, D. W., Evans, I. S., & Dewdney, J. C. (1977). The derivation of new variables from population census data. Durham: University of Durham, Department of Geography, Census Research Unit. [proper names; record linkage]
  188. Rhodri Davies, H. (1994). Automated Record Linkage of Census Enumerator's Books and Registration Data: Obstacles, Challenges and Solutions. History and Computing, 4(1), 16-26.
    {"In this paper the need for individual-level longitudinal data to study nineteenth century fertility and migration is highlighted and reasons why so little work has been carried out in this area using record linkage techniques are given. After hopefully alleviating the fears about data quality we discuss a computer package which can be used to speed up the linkage process."} [record linkage; p/c]
  189. Rogers, J. (1988). Family reconstitution: new information or misinformation?
    {Ref WorldCat} [record linkage; tbc]
  190. Ruggles, S. (1992). Migration, Marriage and Mortality: Correcting sources of Bias in English Family Reconstitution. Population Studies, 4, 507.
    {Ref Razzell} [record linkage; tbc]
  191. Scheuren, F., & Winkler, W. E. (1996). Recursive merging and analysis of administrative lists and data. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods. [proper names; record linkage]
  192. Schofield, R. S. (1972). The Standardisation of Names and the Automatic Linking of Historical Records. Annales de démographie historique. [record linkage; soundex]
  193. Schürer, K. (1987). Historical demography, social structure and the computer. In P. Denley & D. Hopkin (Eds.), History and computing (pp. 33-45). Manchester: Manchester University Press. [proper names; record linkage]
  194. Schürer, K., Oeppen, J., & Schofield, R. (1989). Theory and methodology: an example from historical demography. In P. Denley & S. Fogelvik & C. Harvey (Eds.), History and Computing II (pp. 130-142). Manchester: Manchester University Press. [proper names; record linkage]
  195. Secretaries of State for Health - Wales - Northern Ireland - Scotland. (1989). Working for patients: framework for implementing systems: the next steps ( CM 555). London: HMSO. [proper names; record linkage]
  196. Sejnowski, T. J., & Rosenberg, C. R. (1987). NETtalk: parallel networks that learn to pronounce English text. Complex Systems, 1, 145-168. [text to speech]
  197. Sellers, P. H. (1974). An investigation. Journal of Combinatorial Theory, 16, 253-258. [algorithms]
  198. Sethi, I. K., & Sarvarayuda, G. (1982). Hierarchical classifier design using mutual information. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Matching and Machine Intelligence, PAMI-4, 441-445. [pattern recognition]
  199. Sharpe, P. (1990). The Total Reconstitution Method: a tool for class-specific study? Local Population Studies, 44.
    {Ref: Rogers and Green - indicates it deals with the problems of name variations. At NCL - not on shelf 920814} [record linkage; tbc]
  200. Skolnick, M. (1973). The Resolution of Ambiguities in Record Linkage.,, 102-127.
    {The method described is based on the estimation of maximum likelihoods, and applied to the linking of records from medieval Italian parish registers, for purposes of genetic research. "The method [uses] the decision making techniques developed in artificial intelligence projects . . . The artificial intelligence approach consists of building a family of related solutions, developing a method of keeping the family of reasonable solutions small, and selecting the best solution with minimum effort and maximum accuracy. . . The frequencies of the nominal identifiers in the records to be linked forms the basis of the likelihoods. If one has the distribution of each forename and surname by parish, by time period and by type of record, one can calculate the probability that a link between two records will be made by chance. Thus if a record has much missing data, and the only data which is compatible consists of common names, the probability of a match, made at random, being compatible is quite large. If there are many identifiers, and some of them are rare names, the probability of a compatible match occurring is quite low, and can be estimated. . . Likelihoods are also computed from age error distributions which are formed from records whose links are most certain. . . A heuristic computer program, LINK, is being developed for the resolution of ambiguities in record linking. It is being constructed in a manner similar to the heuristic DENDRAL computer program."} [record linkage]
  201. Skolnick, M. J., Légaré, J., Beauchamp, P., Charbonneau, H., Corsini, C., LéMée, R., & Lynch, K. (1978). Conference on Methods of Automatic Family Reconstruction.
    {Ref: Willigan & Lynch (1982): "A general overview of the state of the art".} [record linkage; tbc]
  202. Snae, C., & Diaz, B. (2001). An interface for mining genealogical nominal data using the concept of linkage and a hybrid name matching algorithm. University of Liverpool. Available: http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~chakkrit/Publications/hc2001_Journal.pdf. [record linkage; proper names; algorithms]
  203. Snae, C. (2001). An investigation of linkage in nominal data. University of Liverpool. Available: http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~chakkrit/Publications/Prep2001_Paper.pdf. [record linkage; proper names]
  204. Snae, C., & Diaz, B. (2001). Name matching for linkage among English parish register records. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Conference, Toulouse, France, 2001, Toulouse. [proper names; record linkage]
  205. Spiegel, M. F. (1985). Pronouncing surnames automatically. Paper presented at the Proceedings of AVIOS. [text to speech; proper names]
  206. Spiegel, M. F., & Machi, M. J. (1990). Synthesis of names by a demi-syllable-based speech synthesizer (Orator). Journal of the American Voice Input/Output Society, 7, 1-10. [proper names; text to speech]
  207. Squire. (1990). Expert Systems in Genealogy. Computer in Genealogy, 3(8).
    {Briefly argues the potential utility of expert systems for various genealogical applications.} [software; record linkage]
  208. Stanier, A. (1990). How accurate is Soundex matching? Computers in Genealogy, 3(7). [Soundex]
  209. Stephen, G. A. (1994). Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm, String searching algorithms (pp. 6-25). Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd. [algorithms]
  210. Stevens, S. S. (1946). On the theory of scales of measurement. Science, 103(2684), 677-680. [information retrieval]
  211. Stevenson, N. C. (1979). Genealogical Evidence; a guide to the standard of proof relating to pedigrees, ancestry, heirship and family history.
    {An excellent account by a lawyer and genealogist of the standards of proof that should be sought in establishing an individual's ancestry, whether for producing a documented genealogy, or for legal purposes. Though aimed at an American readership, and dealing mainly with American records and laws, it is well worthy of study by genealogists in other countries, particularly the UK and Ireland given the links (both of emigration, and of legal heritage) between the British Isles and the USA. Quotes from many legal judgements, but nevertheless is very readable. Provides careful and thought-provoking analyses of the strengths and weaknesses, as genealogical evidence, of various types of official records (vital, court, land and census records), church and family bible records, newspaper files, monuments, etc., and published and private genealogies and genealogical directories - a number of which are roundly criticised, Burke's Peerage in particular. the rules of evidence in our legal system and in effect in our court proceedings are too technical and not completely practical for genealogical, historical and biographical research. This belief is not valid." This is perhaps shown best by the excellent chapter on "Rules of Evidence Applied to Genealogy". The book is thus a great antidote to the motherhood statements about the need for careful research found in many guides to genealogy. Rev. ed. published in 1989 -} [record linkage; proof]
  212. Swart, E. R. (1989). A Computer Simulation of the Ineradicable Uncertainty in Genealogical Research. Family History(118), 389-396. [proof; record linkage]
  213. Thaller, M. (1987). Methods and Techniques of Historical Computation.,, 147-156.
    {A general discussion of desirable characteristics and capabilities of database systems used for various types of "historical computation", including record linkage.} [record linkage]
  214. Thimonnier, R. (1978). Code orthographique et grammatical.: Collections Marabout. [orthography]
  215. Thorvaldsen, G. (1992). Record Linkage on the Micro Computer. [record linkage; tbc]
  216. van Heijst, Schreiber, & Wielinga. Using explicit ontologies in KBS development. [information retrieval]
  217. Venezky, R. L. (1962). A computer program for deriving spelling to sound correlations. Unpublished MA Thesis, Cornell University.
    {Published in part in Levin (1963)} [text to speech]
  218. Venezky, R. L. (1966). Automatic spelling-to-sound conversion, Computation in linguistics: a case book. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. [text to speech]
  219. Venezky, R. L., & Weir, R. (1966). A study of selected spelling-to-sound correspondence patterns ( Final Report, Cooperative Research Project No. 3090). Stanford: Stanford University. [text to speech]
  220. Venezky, R. L. (1967). English orthography: its graphical structure and its relation to sound. Reading Research Quarterly, II. [orthography; phonetics]
  221. Venezky, R. L. (1967). Reading: grapheme-phoneme relationships. Education, 87, 519-524. [text to speech]
  222. Venezky, R. L. (1967). The basis of English orthography. Acta Linguistica, 10, 145-159. [orthography]
  223. Venezky, R. L. (1970). The basis of English orthography. The Hague: Mouton. [orthography]
  224. Vetter, J. E., Gonzalez, J. R., & Gutman, M. P. (1994). Computer-Assisted Record Linkage Using a Relational Database System. History and Computing, 4(1), 34-51.
    {"Our intent is not to present a theoretically or methodologically correct approach to nominal record linkage, but to describe the evolution of a semi-automated linkage technique particularly suited to the needs and resources of a university demographic research setting."} [record linkage; p/c]
  225. Visser, P. R. S. (1997). Structuring multiple ontologies in heterogeneous distributed architectures (Fellowship report ). Martlesham Heath, Ipswich: Intelligent Business Systems, BT Laboratories. [information retrieval]
  226. Visser, P. R. S., & Bench-Capon, T. J. M. (1998). A comparison of four ontologies for the design of legal knowledge systems. Artifical Intelligence and Law, 6(1). [information retrieval]
  227. Visser, P. R. S., Jones, D. M., Beer, M., Bench-Capon, T. J. M., Diaz, B., & Shave, M. J. R. (1999). Resolving ontological heterogeneity in the KRAFT project. Paper presented at the DEXA-99, Florence, Italy, August 30 - September 3, 1999, Florence. [information retrieval]
  228. Vitale, A. J. (1991). An algorithm for high accuracy name pronunciation by parametric speech synthesizer. Computational Linguistics, 17(3). [proper names; text to speech; algorithms]
  229. Vitter, J. S., & Wen-Chin, C. (1987). The probability model, Design and analysis of coalesced hashing (pp. 22-31). Oxford: Oxford University Press. [algorithms]
  230. Weir, R. (1964). Formulation of grapheme-phoneme correspondence rules to aid the teaching of reading ( Final Report, Cooperative Research Project No. S-039). Stanford: Stanford University. [phonetics; orthography]
  231. Wells, J. C. (1982). Accents of English, an introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    {Chapter 3} [phonetics]
  232. Wild, W. G. (1968). The theory of modulus N check digit systems. The Computer Bulletin, 12, 308-311. [algorithms]
  233. Willigan, J. D., & Lynch, K. A. (1982). Sources and Methods of Historical Demography.
    {A scholarly treatise on the whole subject of historical demography, but containing only a brief section on techniques for family reconstruction. This describes, as an example method, that of the Montreal group.} [record linkage]
  234. Winchester, I. (1970). The linkage of historical records by man and computer: techniques and problems. Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 1, 107-124. [proper names; record linkage]
  235. Winchester, I. (1973). A Brief Survey of the Algorithmic, Mathematical and Philosophical Literature relevant to historical record linkage.,, 128-154.
    {"This survey consists of a discussion of the chief problems of record linkage which are relevant to historical data, followed by a select bibliography [of 54 items]. The discussion takes the form of a critical survey of literature about record linkage." An excellent account.} [record linkage]
  236. Winkler, W. E. (1995). Matching and record linkage. In Cox & Binder & Chinnappa & Christianson & Culledge & Kott (Eds.), Business survey methods (pp. 355-384). New York: John Wiley and Sons. [proper names; record linkage]
  237. Wrigley, E. A. (1973). Identifying people in the past: introduction, Identifying people in the past (pp. 1-16). London: Edward Arnold. [proper names; record linkage]
  238. Wrigley, E. A., & Schofield, R. S. (1973). Nominal Record Linkage by Computer and the Logic of Family Reconstruction.,, 64-101.
    {Detailed account of the record linkage techniques used by the Cambridge group, including a section on Matchscoring and an Appendix on Name Spelling. The section on demographic constraints upon record linkage gives the following rules/heuristics: "1. Age at death is never greater than 100 years, unless age information in the burial record overrides this rule. 2. At the birth of a child the mother is never less than 15 or more than 50 years old, nor the father less than 15 or more than 75. 3. No two successive birth events to the same mother occur in less than 10 months and no three successive birth events in less than 22 months. 4. The interval between the end of a marriage and the remarriage of the surviving spouse must be less than 20 years. 5. First marriages (for both sexes) occur only when the bride or the groom is above 15 years of age and less than 50, unless age information in the marriage record overrides the rule. 6. All brides and grooms are less than 75 years of age at marriage unless age information in the marriage record overrides the rule. 7. Whenever an age is given in either one or both of the records involved in a possiible link the difference between the dates of the two records must be compatible with the age information given. 8. Where occupations are stated in both records involved in a possible link and they mismatch in a manner which is thought to be incompatible even with the most extreme assumptions about lifetime occupational mobility, no link is made (for example labourer/vicar). 9. In addition to the requirement that the names of the principal on two records should agree before a link is made, there must also be no disagreement about the names of any relatives named in both records (for example, if the names of both parents are recorded at the baptism of a child, and again when he is buried, they must not disagree if a BAP-BUR link is to be made)."} [record linkage]
  239. Wrigley, E. A., & Schofield, R. (1989). The population of England 1541-1871: a reconstruction ( revised version ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [proper names; record linkage]
  240. Yarowsky, D. (1994). Homograph disambiguation in text-to-speech synthesis, Second ESCA/IEEE Workshop on Speech Synthesis. [text to speech]
  241. Yvon, F. (1996). Prononcer par analogie: motivation, formalisation et évaluation., École Nationale des Télécommunications, Paris, France. [text to speech]

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3rd December 2002, Peter Christian