Bibliography prepared on 22 June 2004
 
[0001] ""Ask Glenda": Soundex history and methods",
[Soundex] {URL http://roxy.sfo.com/~genealogysf/glenda.html}
 
[0002] Surnames as Biological Markers of Inbreeding and Migration : Meeting : Papers, {ISBN 00187143} {Conference; Periodical}
[Names, British] {Composed of papers from a conference and two symposia.}
 
[0003] Surnames Monthly, {ISBN 02641267} {Periodical}
[Names, British]
 
[0004] English Surnames Series, {Periodical}
[Names, English] {Irregular}
 
[0005] (1966) "Family Reconstruction",
[record linkage] {Contains a very detailed account of a manual technique, using Family Reconstitution Forms (FRF), for organizing parish register record linking pioneered by L. Henry. (The method to be used for resolving ambiguities is described in less detail, and would appear to be fairly subjective.)}
 
[0006] (1988) "News from the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure: Automatic record linking for family recognition", Local Population Studies, vol. 40, pp. 10-16,
[record linkage] {A summary account of the work of the Centre. States that they can now perform fully-automatic family reconstitution. "We have tested the record-linking algorithms extensively against manual reconstructions, and we have found that they provide comparable, or superior results in a fraction of the time taken to link the records by hand.." Provides a brief but useful narrative description of the techniques, but no references to publications giving detailed accounts of the techniques.}
 
[0007] (1989) "Cognitive Science in Medicine: biomedical modeling",
[record linkage]
 
[0008] (1989) Scots kith & kin : a comprehensive A-Z guide to the surnames of Scotland, the clans and their tartans (London: Collins), {ISBN 0004356659}
[Names, Scottish] {Previous ed.: 1953}
 
[0009] (1990) 1881 census of England and Wales : census data : national surname index ([S.l.: s.n.), {Microform}
[Names, British] {National surname index}
 
[0010] (1990) Yorkshire surnames series ([s.l.]: [G. Redmonds?]), {Periodical}
[Names, English]
 
[0011] (1992) "Special Issue on Record Linkage", Historical Methods, vol. 25, no. 2 (Spring),
[record linkage] {Ian Winchester's updated overview of the field came in HM 1992, no 4. Not GL}
 
[0012] (1992) "Do We Really Decide Relationships by A Preponderance of the Evidence", NGS Newsletter,
[record linkage] {September-October 1992 issue of the NGS Newsletter (available through NGS, 4527 17th Street, North, Arlington, VA 22207-2399)}
 
[0013] Abbott, John Thomas (1861) A Brief Attempt to account for Ecclesiastical Surnames, more especially such as are derived from monastic titles, with a catalogue of arms pertaining to families ... bearing such names (Richmond: J. Bell),
[Names, British]
 
[0014] Acheson, E.D. (1967) Medical record linkage (Oxford: Oxford University Press),
[record linkage]
 
[0015] Acheson, E.D. (1968) "Record linkage in medicine", Proceedings of the International Symposium, Oxford, July 1967 (London: E.S. Livingstone Ltd),
[record linkage]
 
[0016] Addison, William (1978) Understanding English surnames (London: Batsford), {ISBN 0713405651} {Bibliography included}
[Names, English; Etymology] {Bibl.: p.161-163. - Index}
 
[0017] Adman, P.; Baskerville, S. W.; Beedham, K. F. (1994) "Computer-Assisted Record Linkage: or How Best to Optimize Links Without Generating Errors", History and Computing, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 2-15,
[record linkage] {"Record linkage is arguably a more complex process than most of its practitioners realize. Once a historian decides to settle for a subset of the potential links that can be made between two sets of nominal records s/he is already involved in the process of sampling. Fine, if that is relevant to the enquiry at hand: but if the objective is to achieve the maximum number of 'true' links, then accurate judgement becomes paramount. The key assumption underlying this paper is that 'judgement' is the function of the historian, not the computer. It is our belief that no systematic algorithm, however sophisticated, can perform this task as well as can an experienced team of researchers equipped with an appropriate set of software tools. In this paper we develop this line of reasoning in the context of our work on early eighteenth-century elections, and describe the functions of a software package known as CARL - Computer-Assisted Record Linkage."}
 
[0018] Ainsworth, W.A. (1973) "A system for converting English text into speech", IEEE Transactions of Audio and Electroacoustics, pp. 288-290,
[text to speech]
 
[0019] Allen, J. (1976) "Synthesis of speech from unrestricted text", IEEE, vol. 64, no. 4 (April 1976),
[text to speech]
 
[0020] Allen, J.; Carlson, R.; Granström, B.; Hunnicutt, S.; Klatt, H.; Pisoni, D.B. (1979) "Conversion of unrestricted text-to-speech" (Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (Unpublished monograph),
[text to speech]
 
[0021] Anderson, W. (1865) Genealogy and surnames,
[Names, British]
 
[0022] Anderson, William (1869) The Scottish Nation : or the surnames, families, literature, honours and biographical history of the people of Scotland (Edinburgh: A. Fullarton & Co.),
[Names, Scottish]
 
[0023] Aubergé, V. (1991) "La synthèse de la parole: "des règles au lexique"" (Grenoble, France: Université Stendhal),
[text to speech]
 
[0024] Baase, Sarah (1989) "Computer algorithms", Introduction to design and analysis (Addison-Wesley), pp. 242-244, 2nd,
[algorithms]
 
[0025] Baeza-Yates, R.A. (1989) "Improved string searching", Software Practice and Experience, vol. 19, pp. 257-271,
[algorithms]
 
[0026] Bakiri, G.; Dietterich, T.G. (1991) "Converting English texts to speech: a machine learning approach", Dept of Computer Science (Oregon State University), {ISBN 91-30-1}
[text to speech]
 
[0027] Baldwin, J.A.; Gill, L.E. (1982) "The district number: a comparative test of some record matching methods", Community Medicine, vol. 4, pp. 265-275,
[record linkage]
 
[0028] Bardsley, Charles Wareing (1879) The Romance of the London Directory. [A treatise on surnames.] (London: 'Hand and Heart'),
[Names, British]
 
[0029] Bardsley, Charles Wareing (1969) English surnames: their sources and significations. (Second printing.) (Charles E. Tuttle Co.: Rutland Vt.),
[Names, English] {A reprint of the edition of 1889.}
 
[0030] Bardsley, Charles Wareing (1981) Dictionary of English and Welsh surnames : with special American instances (London: Heraldry Today), {ISBN 0806300221}
[Names, British]
 
[0031] Barker, R. (1985) "Reconstituting the Family", Genealogists' Magazine, vol. 21, no. 9,
[record linkage] {Based on a talk given at the Society of Genealogists. Gives a fairly full account of manual techniques for performing family reconstitution; in describing the work of the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structures mentions use of a computer only in connection with the analysis of the results of such a manual reconstitution. Then describes how genealogists could use essentially the same manual system of coloured record slips to analyze all the data they collect on surnames of interest, arguing: "This systematic way of attacking genealogy leaves much less margin for error, in my view. You cancel out many births by means of infant mortality - and know you've done so. You can slot births in because you recognise the pattern of birth interval. A five-year gap which should contain a baby may be filled from another parish. You can keep your finger on the variations of surname. There is, however, one other important advantage. Genealogy is a very self-indulgent form of research. It benefits, in the last instance, no-one but yourself, because no-one sees it. . . Don't stop being genealogists. Become *responsible* genealogists. Become family historians. If you use the Cambridge system, then you are not only helping yourself, you are making a useful contribution to historical research. Write-up your findings; deposit your slips in the record Office for others to borrow. Let the Record Office microfilm your reconstitutions. . ." (An editorial note refers to the Local Population Studies Society, formed by the Cambridge Group, as a source of further information.)}
 
[0032] Batchelor, Allen (1892) An Alphabetical List of over 2200 Curious Surnames ... Collected by A. Batchelor, etc (Guildford: A. Batchelor),
[Names, British]
 
[0033] Beddoe, John (1882) English surnames, from an ethnological point of view (London: Harrison & Sons),
[Names, English] {Reprinted from: Journal of the Anthropological Institute, Nov. 1882}
 
[0034] Behrendt, W.; Goble, C.A.; Hutchinson, E.; Jeffery, K.G.; Kalmus; Macnee, C.A.; Wilson, M.D. (1993) "Using an intelligent agent to mediate multibase information access", Proceedings of a Workshop on Cooperating Knowledge Based Systems, Keele, UK, 7-9 Sept 1993 (Keele)
[information retrieval]
 
[0035] Belin, T.R.; Rubin, T.B. (1995) "A method for calibrating false-match rates in record linkage", Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 90, pp. 694-707,
[record linkage; information retrieval]
 
[0036] Bell, Robert (1997) The book of Ulster surnames (Belfast: Blackstaff Press), {ISBN 0856406023}
[Names, British] {Bibliography: p258-259. - Includes index Originally published, 1988}
 
[0037] Ben Crane, L.; Yeager, E.; Whitman, R. (1981) An introduction to linguistics (Little, Brown and Company),
[phonetics] {Chapter 4: History of English}
 
[0038] Bernstein, J.; Nessly, L. (1981) "Performance comparison of component algorithms for the phonemization of orthography", Proceedings of the 19th Annual Meeting (Stanford University, Association for Computational Linguistics),
[algorithms; text to speech]
 
[0039] Béchet, F.; Spriet, T.; El-Bèze, M. (1996) Traitement spécifique des noms propres dans un système de transcription graphème-phonème (Avignon, France: JST),
[text to speech]
 
[0040] Binstock, A.; Rex, J. (1995) "Practical algorithms for programmers", Practical algorithms for programmers (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley), pp. 158-160,
[algorithms]
 
[0041] Birmingham Midland Society for Genealogy and Heraldry (1991) Surname index : 1851 census, Warwickshire (Birmingham: Birmingham and Midland Society for Genealogy and Heraldry), {ISBN 1870331478}
[Names, English] {Cover title}
 
[0042] Birmingham Midland Society for Genealogy and Heraldry (1993) Surname index 1851 census Staffordshire (Birmingham: Birmingham and Midland Society for Genealogy & Heraldry), {ISBN 1870331729}
[Names, English] {Cover title}
 
[0043] Bishop, C.M. (1995) "Three-layer networks", Neural networks for pattern recognition (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 128-129,
[algorithms]
 
[0044] Black, George F. (1993) The surnames of Scotland : their origin, meaning, and history (Edinburgh: Birlinn), {ISBN 1874744076; 1874744831}
[Names, Scottish] {Originally published: New York: New York Public Library, 1946}
 
[0045] Blagg, Thomas Mathews (1900) Surnames. Their origin, meaning, and distribution. A paper read before the "Nottingham Sette of Odde Volumes" ... By Volume XIX. [i.e. Thomas Mathews Blagg.] (Newark: Printed for private circulation),
[Names, English]
 
[0046] Bolton District Family History Society; Manchester Lancashire Family History Society (1991) 1851 census surname index ([Manchester]: [Manchester & Lancashire Family History Society]), {ISBN 0947701524}
[Names, English] {Cover title}
 
[0047] Bonaventura, P.; Gori, W.; Maggini, M.; Scarselli, F.; Sheng, J. (2003) "A hybrid model for the prediction of the linguistic origin of surnames", IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 760-763,
[surnames; algorithms] {The prediction of the linguistic origin of surnames is a basic functionality required in the design of high-quality multi-language speech synthesizers. The assignment of a given string representing a surname to a specific language is typically based on a set of rules which can hardly be written in an explicit form. The approach we propose faces this problem combining a rule-based system with a module based on evidential reasoning and a module based on neural networks. The resulting hybrid system combines the different sources of information, merging both knowledge from experts on linguistics and knowledge automatically acquired using learning from examples. The system has been validated on alarge database containing surnames belonging to four different languages, showing its effectiveness for real-world applications}
 
[0048] Borthwick, Andrew; Papadouka, Vikki; Walker, Deborah (2001) "Advanced name-matching techniques for immunization registries" (New York Citywide Immunization Register),
[record linkage] {URL http://www.choicemaker.com/MEDD_2001_Imm_Reg_Conference.pdf}
 
[0049] Bouchard, Gérard; Pouyez, Christian (1980) "Name variations and computerised record linkage", Historical Methods, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 119-128 (Spring 1980),
[record linkage]
 
[0050] Bouchard, Gérard (1986) "The processing of ambiguous links in computerised family reconstruction", Historical Methods, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 9-19 (Winter 1986),
[record linkage]
 
[0051] Bouchard, G. (1992) "Current Issues and New Prospects for Computerized Record Linkage in the Provnce of Quebec", Historical Methods, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 67-73,
[record linkage] {"Most of this article focuses on [work on a database of 665,000 baptism, marriage and death records for the period 1838-1971 in the Saguenay region of Quebec] in order to single out a few basic theoretical and methodological issues relating to automated record linkage. Some major lessons must be learned from our own accomplishments (and failures) and from the varying fates of the various well-known, large-scale automated record-linkage projects set up in the 1970s in the fields of history, demography and genetics. One of these lessons has to do with the close relationship between the nature and the quality of the data, the research goals, and the linkage strategies. The diversity of the pioneer projects has provided ample evidence of (1) the need to devise linkage systems consistent with the purposes of the research and the capacity of the data to support them (2) the consequent contradiction that may arise between some ideal accuracy and efficiency levels; and (3) the difficult choice that has to be made in such circumstances."}
 
[0052] Bourlet, C.; Minel, J. L. (1987) "A Declarative System for Setting Up a Prosoprographical Database", pp. 186-191,
[record linkage] {Brief description of a 70,000 item database of data from13th century French tax registers, and the use of a Prolog-based scheme for determining whether items refer to the same individual.}
 
[0053] Bowditch, Nathaniel Ingersoll (1861) Suffolk surnames ([S.l.]: Trubnor),
[Names, English]
 
[0054] Bowman, William Dodgson (1932) What is your surname? : Surnames, their origin and history (London: Faber and Faber),
[Names, British]
 
[0055] Bowman, William Dodgson (1932) The story of surnames (London: George Routledge),
[Names, British]
 
[0056] Bradley, Charles William (1842) Patronomatology: from an essay on the philosophy of surnames, etc (Baltimore: R. Neilson),
[Names, British]
 
[0057] Breiman, L.; Friedman, J.; Olshen, R.; Stone, C. (1984) Classification and regression trees (Wadsworth International Group),
[algorithms]
 
[0058] Buntine, W. (1991) "A theory of learning classification rules" (Sidney, Australia: University of Technology) (PhD Thesis),
[algorithms]
 
[0059] Buntine, W.; Caruana, R. (1992) "Introduction to IND Version 2.1 and recursive partitioning" (Moffet Field, CA: NASA Ames Research Center) (Software manual),
[algorithms]
 
[0060] Buntine, W. (1992) "Tree classification software", Third National Technology Transfer Conference and Exposition, December 1992 (Baltimore, MD)
[algorithms]
 
[0061] Burney, P. (1955) "Que sais-je?", L'orthographe, vol. Collections,
[orthography]
 
[0062] Bywater, Ingram (1914) The latinizations of the modern surname,
[Names, British] {From Journal of philology, vol. 33}
 
[0063] Camden, William (1674) Remains concerning Britain : their languages, names, surnames, allusions, anagramms, armories, moneys, impresses, apparel, artillerie, wise speeches, proverbs, poesies, epitaphs (London: Printed for and sold by Charles Harper at the Flower de Luce over against St. Dunstan's Church and John Amery at the Peacock over against Fetter Lane both in Fleetstreet),
[Names, British]
 
[0064] Cameron, P.J. (1994) "Graphs, trees and forests", Combinatorics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 159-186,
[algorithms]
 
[0065] Campbell, Hugh Hume (1774) Observations upon Surnames,
[Names, British]
 
[0066] Carney, Edward (1994) A survey of English spelling (London)
[orthography]
 
[0067] Carvalho, J. (1989) "Expert Systems and Community Reconstruction Studies", vol. II, pp. 97-102,
[record linkage] {Brief description of a small-scale project that is to use a database, and a set of Prolog modules for record linking, life-story reconstruction, genealogical analysis and network reconstruction.}
 
[0068] Catach, N. (1978) "Que sais-je?", L'orthographe, vol. Collections,
[orthography]
 
[0069] Catach, N. (1989) "Informatique: traitement automatique du langage", Bulletin Liaisons-Heso (September 1989),
[text to speech]
 
[0070] Catach, N.; Catach, L. (1992) "Présentation du logiciel VOISINETTE, "Un correcteur à entrée phonétique"", CNRS-INFOS,
[phonetics; orthography]
 
[0071] Charnock, Richard Stephen (1868) Ludus patronymicus : or, The etymology of curious surnames (London: Trubner & co.),
[Names, British]
 
[0072] Charnock, Richard Stephen (1870) Patronymica Cornu-Britannica : The etymology of Cornish surnames,
[Names, English; Etymology]
 
[0073] Chomsky, Noam; Halle, Morris (1968) The sound pattern of English (New York: Harper and Row),
[phonetics; orthography]
 
[0074] Christian, Peter; "Surnames, Soundex codes and frequencies from Mike Foster's transcription of GRO marriage records for the March quarter of 1849",
[Soundex] {URL http://www.sog.org.uk/cig/vol6/1849mq.zip}
 
[0075] Christian, Peter (1998) "Soundex - can it be improved?", Computers in Genealogy, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 8pp (March 1998),
[Soundex] {References extracted}
 
[0076] Church, K.W. (1985) "Stress assignment in letter to sound rules for speech synthesis", Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Meeting (University of Chicago),
[text to speech; phonetics]
 
[0077] Clark, Thomas (1859) Surnames metrically arranged and classified; with an introductory inquiry into their origin and use (London; Gardner & Stent Guildford: Simpkin Marshall & Co.),
[Names, British]
 
[0078] Clark, Thomas (1860) Clerical surnames as now existing in the British Isles (Brighton: E.Lewis),
[Names, British]
 
[0079] Clemens, G.N.; Keyser, S.J. (1983) CV phonology: a generative theory of the syllable, Linguistic enquiry (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), vol. Monograph 9,
[phonetics]
 
[0080] Coates, Andrew (1999) "Matchmaker, Mitchmoker - is that a match? Or de-mystifying de-duplication" (FoxTalk),
[record linkage] {References extracted {URL http://www.civilsolutions.com.au/publications/dedup.htm} }
 
[0081] Coker, C.H. (1985) "A dictionary-intensive letter-to-sound program", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 78, no. Supplement 1, S7,
[text to speech]
 
[0082] Coleman, John; Pierrhumbert, Janet (1997) "Stochastic phonological grammars and acceptability", SIGPHON 3,
[phonetics]
 
[0083] Cook, P. G. (1990) "Is Your John Cooke my John Cooke: introducing the "C-Vector" for finding common ancestors among databases", Genealogical Computing, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 37-38,
[record linkage] {A heuristic for matching individuals in two lineage-linked databases, based on so-called C-vectors. Each vector corresponds to a separate individual, and lists in sequence the birth years of the individual, his/her parents and his/her grandparents, and the individual's sex, and name. (The scheme involves finding pairs of C-vectors which match on three or more known dates.)}
 
[0084] Cooley, P. (1991) "Biographs for 19th Century Family Records", Computers in Genealogy, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 104-111,
[record linkage] {Shows how a biograph ("a potted life story on one individual", generated automatically from a PAF file) can be used together with some simple heuristics, to predict census returns, survivors, and electors, for checking against the actual lists.}
 
[0085] Cooley, P. (1992) "Generation and Usage of Machine-Readable files from the GRO Indexes", Computers in Genealogy, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 190-199,
[record linkage] {Describes some techniques that have been developed for automatic enhancement of the output obtained from using a scanner to scan St. Catherine's House indexes, and describes the sort of test (making use of names and dates) that could be used to check whether two registrations refer to the same individual.}
 
[0086] Copas, J.R.; Hilton, F.J. (1990) "Record linkage: statistical models for matching computer records", Journal of the Royal Statistical Association, vol. 153, no. Series A, pp. 287-320,
[record linkage]
 
[0087] Copeland, Michael G. (1991) Studies in surnames of place in English with emphasis on place-name surnames, {Manuscript}
[Names, English] {Thesis (M.Phil.) - University of Sheffield, Dept. of English Language, 1991}
 
[0088] Cottle, Basil (1981) The Penguin dictionary of surnames, Penguin reference books (Harmondsworth: Penguin), {ISBN 014051032X}
[Names, British] {Bibliography: p443-444}
 
[0089] Cotto, D. (1992) "Traitement automatique des textes en vue de la synthèse vocale" (Toulouse, France: Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III),
[text to speech]
 
[0090] Covell, Kath; Covell, Allen; Lincolnshire Family History Society (1993) 1891 census of Lincolnshire index of surnames ([Lincoln]: Lincolnshire Family History Society), {ISBN 1872584810}
[Names, English]
 
[0091] Cunningham, H.; Wilks, Y.; Gaizauskas, R. (1996) "GATE: A General Architecture for Text Engineering", Proceedings of COLING-96, Copenhagen, 1996 (Copenhagen)
[algorithms]
 
[0092] Davey, C. (1990) "Reconstructing Local Population History: the Hatfield and Bobbingworth districts of Essex, 1550-1880",
[record linkage]
 
[0093] Davey, C.; Jarvis, A. S. (1990) "Microcomputers for Microhistory: a database approach to the reconstruction of small English populations", History and Computing, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 187-193,
[record linkage] {Describes a scheme, based on the use of a relational database, for assisting local amateur historians to perform family reconstitutions. Baptisms, Marriages and Burials are kept in three base tables. "For every marriage, or implied marriage, all associated baptisms, burials and remarriages are found. Links between entities are made by matching the character strings that represent names. In addition, certain logical, biological and social conventions [Wrigley, 1966] are observed which limit the number of possible links to only probable links." Possible links are kept in separate tables. Uses Soundex, plus a list of special cases, for matching names. The user is then provided on request with all the relevant information on screen in order that he/she can perform resolution of competing links manually.}
 
[0094] Dawson, Robert (2000) Gypsy names for genealogists (Blackwell: R. Dawson), {ISBN 1903418062}
[Names, British]
 
[0095] De Bhulbh, Se n (2002) Sloinnte uile *ireann = all Ireland surnames (Faing, Co. Luimnigh: Comhar-Chumann Ide Naofa), {ISBN 0953056058 (hbk); 0953056066 (pbk)}
[Names, Irish] {All Ireland surnames}
 
[0096] De Brou, David; Olsen, Mark (1986) "The Guth algorithm and the nominal record linkage of multi-ethnic populations", Historical Methods, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 20-24 (Winter 1986),
[algorithms; record linkage]
 
[0097] De Buono, B.A. (1996) "Launching the New York State Immunization Information System (NYSIIS)" (New York: New York State Department of Health),
[record linkage]
 
[0098] Dedina, M.J.; Nusbaum, H.C. (1991) "PRONOUNCE: a program for pronunciation by analogy", Computer Speech and Language, vol. 5, pp. 55-64,
[text to speech]
 
[0099] DeFrancis, J. (1984) The Chinese language: fact and fantasy (University of Hawaii Press),
[phonetics]
 
[0100] Dematteis, Kerry; Lutz, Richard; McCallum-Bayliss, Heather (2001) "Whose name is it: names, ownership and databases" (Onomastix),
[Names, British] {No references {URL http://www.onomastix.com/about_ono/whitepapers/wp_ans.htm} }
 
[0101] Deshmukh, N.; Picone, Joseph (1996) "Automatic generation of N-best pronunciations of proper nouns", IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. in press,
[text to speech]
 
[0102] Deshmukh, N.; Weber, M.; Picone, Joseph (1996) "Automated generation of N-best pronunciations of proper nouns", Proceedings of ICASSP '96, May 1996 (Atlanta, GA)
[text to speech]
 
[0103] Deshmukh, N. (1997) "Automatic proper noun pronunciations" (Institute for Signal and Information Processing, Mississippi State University),
[text to speech] {URL [will be supplied later - this exact paper doesn't appear on the UMis web site]}
 
[0104] Deshmukh, N.; Ngan, Julie; Hamaker, J.; Picone, Joseph (1997) "An advanced system to generate multiple pronunciations of proper names", Proceedings of ICASSP '97, April 1997 (Munich, Germany) vol. 2, pp. 1467-1470,
[text to speech]
 
[0105] Despain, Bruce (2001) "Processing personal names: a methodology for the study of onomastics",
[Names, British] {URL http://www.burgoyne.com/pages/bdespain/nads/nads-toc.htm}
 
[0106] Devereux, Lilian (1967) The story of surnames (Oxford: Basil Blackwell), {ISBN 0631108807}
[Names, British] {For children}
 
[0107] Diaz, Bernard (1994) "Nominal data visualisation: the Star-Trek paradigm", Computers in Genealogy, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 23-34,
[algorithms]
 
[0108] Dirksen, A.; Coleman, J. (1994) "All-prosodic speech synthesis", Second ECSA/IEEE Workshop on Speech Synthesis,
[text to speech]
 
[0109] Divay, M. (1984) "De l'écrit vers l'oral ou contribution à l'étude des traitements des textes écrits en vue de leur prononciation sur synthétiseur de parole" (Rennes, France: Université de Rennes),
[text to speech]
 
[0110] Divay, M. (1985) "A text-processing expert system", 5ème Congrès Reconnaissance des Formes et Intelligence Artificielle, Novembre 1985 (Grenoble, France)
[algorithms]
 
[0111] Divay, M. (1990) "Traitement du langage naturel: la phonétisation ou comment apprendre à l'ordinateur à lire un texte Français", Micro-Systèmes (March 1990),
[text to speech]
 
[0112] Divay, M. (1990) "A written processing expert system for text to phoneme conversion", Proceedings of the International Conference on Spoken Language (ICSLP 90) (Kobe, Japan)
[text to speech]
 
[0113] Divay, M. (1991) CD-ROM electronic dictionary, vol. November,
[phonetics]
 
[0114] Divay, M. (1994) "Indexation phonétique et recherche documentaire", Proceedings of the 9ème Congrès AFCET (Paris, France) vol. Vol 2: Intelligence Artificielle,
[phonetics]
 
[0115] Divay, M.; Vitale, A.J. (1997) "Algorithms for grapheme-phoneme translation for English and French: applications for database searches and speech synthesis", Computational Linguistics, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 495-523,
[text to speech; algorithms] {References extracted}
 
[0116] Dixon, B. Homer (1986) Surnames, CIHM/ICMH Microfiche series = CIHM/ICMH collection de microfiches; no. 55677 ([Boston: s.n.]), {Microform}
[Names, British] {"For private distribution only." Original: xviii [2], 79 [1] p.; 23 cm}
 
[0117] Dobson, E.J. (1968) English pronunciation (Oxford) 2 vols, 2nd,
[phonetics]
 
[0118] Dolan, John Richard (1972) English ancestral names. The evolution of the surname from medieval occupations (New York: Clarkson N. Potter; distributed by Crown Publishers),
[Names, English]
 
[0119] Dolby, J.L. (1970) "An algorithm for variable length proper-name compression", Journal of Library Automation, vol. 3/4, pp. 257,
[algorithms]
 
[0120] Dorward, David (2000) Scottish surnames (Glasgow: HarperCollinsPublishers), {ISBN 0004725042}
[Names, Scottish] {At head of title: Collins}
 
[0121] Downie, Patrick Ferguson (1923) Some anglicisied surnames in Ireland (Dublin: Gael Co-operative Society Ltd.),
[Names, Irish]
 
[0122] Dudgeon, Patrick (1890) A short introduction to the origin of surnames (Edinburgh: D. Douglas),
[Names, British]
 
[0123] Dunkling, Leslie (1998) Dictionary of surnames : [from Abbey and Mutton, Nabbs to Zouch] (London: Harper Collins), {ISBN 0004720598}
[Names, British]
 
[0124] Dunn, H.L. (1946) "Record linkage", American Journal of Public Health, vol. 36, pp. 1412-1416,
[record linkage]
 
[0125] Dyson, Taylor (1944) Place names and surnames, their origin and meaning : with special reference to the West riding of Yorkshire (London: Simpkin Marshall),
[Names, English]
 
[0126] Edgington, S. (1985) "Microhistory: local history and computing",
[record linkage] {Ref: Rogers and Smith}
 
[0127] Elovitz, H.S.; Johnson, R.W.; McHugh, A.; Shore, J.E. (1976) "Automatic translation of English text to phonetics by means of letter-to-sound rules" (Washington, DC: Naval Research Laboratory), {ISBN NRL Report 7948}
[text to speech; phonetics]
 
[0128] England (1947) Alphabetical Classification of Surnames,
[Names, British] {Reproduced from typewriting.}
 
[0129] Ewen, C. L'Estrange (1968) A history of surnames of the British Isles : a concise account of their origin, evolution, etymology, and legal status (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company),
[Names, British]
 
[0130] Ewen, Cecil Henry L'Estrange (1969) Additions and corrections to A History of surnames of the British Isles ... May 1946. (Reprinted.),
[Names, British] {In: A history of surnames of the British Isles. A concise account of their origin, evolution, etymology and legal status. (Reprinted.)}
 
[0131] Ewen, C. L'Estrange (1969) A guide to the origin of British surnames (Detroit: Gale Research Co.),
[Names, British]
 
[0132] Federer, Charles A. (1896) The genesis of English surnames,
[Names, English]
 
[0133] Fellegi, I.P.; Sunter, A.B. (1969) "A theory for record linkage", Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 64, pp. 1183-1210,
[record linkage]
 
[0134] Ferguson, Robert (1858) English surnames, and their place in the Teutonic family (London: G. Routledge),
[Names, English]
 
[0135] Ferguson, Robert (1884) Surnames as a science (London; New York: G. Routledge), {Bibliography included}
[Names, British] {Bibliography: p. [225]-226 Includes index}
 
[0136] Finlayson, James (1863) Surnames and Sirenames. The origin and history of certain family and historical names: with remarks on the ancient right of the Crown to sanction and veto the assumption of names, etc,
[Names, British]
 
[0137] Fitch, G. W. (1987) Naming and believing, Philosophical studies series in philosophy; v.36 (Dordrecht; Lancaster: Reidel), {ISBN 9027723494}
[Names, British] {Bibliography: p206-210. - Includes index}
 
[0138] Floyd, Su (1993) "The family history transcription system", Computers in Genealogy, vol. 4, no. 11, pp. 485-486 (September 1993),
[Names, British]
 
[0139] Foster, Mike; al., et; "Transcriptions of the GRO marriage records for the March quarter of 1849",
[Names, British] {URL http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/genuki/StCathsTranscriptions/#Complete1849MQ}
 
[0140] Freedman, Terry; Macleod, Iseabail (1997) The Wordsworth dictionary of surnames (Ware: Wordsworth Reference), {ISBN 185326380X}
[Names, British] {Dictionary of surnames}
 
[0141] Freeman, J. W. (2001) Discovering surnames, Discovering; 35 (Princes Risborough: Shire), {ISBN 0747804850}
[Names, British] {Includes bibliographical references and index Previous ed.: 1973}
 
[0142] Frisch, Stefan (1997) "Similarity and frequency in phonology" (Northwestern University) (PhD dissertation),
[phonetics] {Available at ROA}
 
[0143] Gaizauskas, R.; Cunningham, H.; Wilks, Y.; Rodgers, P.; Humphreys, K. (1996) "GATE: an environment to support research and development in natural language engineering", Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, Toulouse, France, 1996 (Toulouse)
[algorithms]
 
[0144] Gallian, J.A. (1989) "Check digit methods", International Journal of Applied Engineering Education, vol. 5, pp. 503-505,
[algorithms]
 
[0145] Gardiner, Alan Henderson (1937) On proper names (Paris: Librairie C. Klincksieck),
[Etymology] {Offprint from: M*langes de linguistique et de philologie offerts * Jacq. van Ginneken * l'occasion du soixanti*me anniversaire de sa naissance (21 avril 1937)}
 
[0146] Gates, Susa Young (1918) Surname Book and Racial History: a compilation and arrangement of genealogical and historical data, etc. [With illustrations and charts.] (Salt Lake City: Relief Society),
[Names, British]
 
[0147] Georgila, K.; Fakotakis, N.; Kokkinakis, G. (2002) "Large Vocabulary Search Space Reduction Employing Directed Acyclic Word Graphs and Phonological Rules", International Journal of Speech Technology, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 355-370 (November 2002),
[algorithms; phonetics] {Some applications of speech recognition, such as automatic directory information services, require very large vocabularies. In this paper, we focus on the task of recognizing surnames in an Interactive telephone-based Directory Assistance Services (IDAS) system, which supersedes other large vocabulary applications in terms of complexity and vocabulary size. We present a method for building compact networks in order to reduce the search space in very large vocabularies using Directed Acyclic Word Graphs (DAWGs). Furthermore, trees, graphs and full-forms (whole words with no merging of nodes) are compared in a straightforward way under the same conditions, using the same decoder and the same vocabularies. Experimental results showed that, as we move from full-form lexicons to trees and then to graphs, the size of the recognition network is reduced, as is the recognition time. However, recognition accuracy is retained since the same phoneme combinations are involved. Subsequently, we refine the N-best hypotheses' list provided by the speech recognizer by applying context-dependent phonological rules. Thus, a small number N in the N-best hypotheses' list produces multiple solutions sufficient to retain high accuracy and at the same time achieve real-time response. Recognition tests with a vocabulary of 88,000 surnames that correspond to 123,313 distinct pronunciations proved the efficiency of the approach. For N = 3 (a value that ensures we have fast performance), before the application of rules the recognition accuracy was 70.27%. After applying phonological rules the recognition performance rose to 86.75%. {contact: Wire Communications Laboratory, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Patras, Greece.} rgeorgil@wcl.ee.upatras.gr fakotaki@wcl.ee.upatras.gr gkokkin@wcl.ee.upatras.gr}
 
[0148] Gill, L.E.; Baldwin, J.A. (1987) "Methods and technology of record linkage: some practical considerations", Ed. Baldwin, J.A.; Acheson, E.D.; Graham, W.J.; Textbook of medical record linkage (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 39-54,
[record linkage; algorithms]
 
[0149] Gill, L.E.; Goldacre, M.J.; Simmons, H.M.; Bettley, G.A.; Griffith, M. (1993) "Computerised linkage of medical records: methodological guidelines", Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, vol. 47, pp. 316-319,
[record linkage; algorithms]
 
[0150] Gill, L.E. (1997) "Ox-link - the Oxford Medical Record Linkage System", Record linkage techniques - 1997 (University of Oxford), pp. 15-32,
[record linkage; algorithms] {References extracted {URL http://www.fcsm.gov/working-papers/gill.pdf} }
 
[0151] Gnanadesikan, Amalia (1997) "Phonology with ternary scales" (Amherst: University of Massachusetts) (PhD dissertation),
[phonetics]
 
[0152] Goble, C.A. (1994) "Multimedia databases: status, challenges and issues" (University of Southampton) (April 1994) (Technical report), {ISBN CSTR-94-03}
[information retrieval]
 
[0153] Gold, David L.; Hodges, Flavia; Hanks, Patrick (1988) A dictionary of surnames (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1988), {ISBN 0192115928} {Bibliography included}
[Names, British] {Includes bibliography and index}
 
[0154] Goldacre, M.J. (1986) "Current position and future prospects", Ed. Howe, G.R.; Spasoff, R.A.; Proceedings of the Workshop on Computerised Record Linkage in Health Research (Toronto: University of Toronto Press), pp. 106-129,
[record linkage]
 
[0155] Golding, A.R. (1991) "Pronouncing names by a combination of case-based and rule-based reasoning" (Stanford University),
[text to speech]
 
[0156] Golding, A.R.; Rosenbloom, P.S. (1993) "A comparison of anapron with seven other name-pronunciation systems", Journal of the American Voice Input/Output Society, vol. 14, pp. 1-21,
[text to speech]
 
[0157] Gonnet, G.H.; Baeza-Yates, R.A. (1991) "Boyer-Moore text searching", Handbook of algorithms and data structure (Addison-Wesley), pp. 256-259, 2nd,
[information retrieval; algorithms]
 
[0158] Gonzales, S.; Tubach, J.P. (1982) "Réseaux connexionistes pour la traduction orthographique phonétique: applications à l'Espagnol et au Français", 13ème Journées d'Études sur la Parole (Montréal, Canada)
[text to speech]
 
[0159] Gray, P.M.D.; Preece, A.; Fiddian, N.J.; Gray, W.A.; Bench-Capon, T.J.M.; Shave, M.J.R.; Azarmi, N.; Wiegand, M.; Ashwell, M.; Beer, M.; Cui, Z.; Diaz, Bernard; Embury, S.M.; Hui, K.; Jones, A.C.; Jones, D.M.; Kemp, G.J.L.; Lawson, E.W.; Lunn, K.; Marti, P.; Shao, J.; Visser, P.R.S. (1997) "KRAFT: knowledge fusion from distributed databases and knowledge bases", Database and Expert System Applications (DEXA'97), Toulouse, France (Toulouse)
[record linkage; information retrieval]
 
[0160] Greenberg, J. (1990) "A quantitative approach to the morphological typology of language", Ed. Denning, K.; Kemmer, S.; On language: selected writings of Joseph H. Greenberg (Stanford: Stanford University Press),
[phonetics]
 
[0161] Guarino, N.; Giaretta, P. (1995) "Ontologies and knowledge bases: towards a terminological clarification", Ed. Mars, N.; Towards very large knowledge bases: knowledge building and knowledge sharing (Amsterdam: IO Press), pp. 22-25,
[information retrieval]
 
[0162] Guarino, N. (1997) "Understanding, building and using ontologies: a commentary to Using explicit ontologies in KBS development, by van Heijst, Schreiber, and Wielinga", International Journal of Human and Computer Studies, vol. 46, pp. 293-310,
[information retrieval]
 
[0163] Guth, G.J.A. (1976) "Surname spellings and computerized record linkage", Historical Methods, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 10-19 (December 1976),
[record linkage]
 
[0164] Hair, P.E.H.; Phillips, C.B. (1989) "The Cheshire parish register transcription project 1978-1989", Local Population Studies, vol. 43, pp. 55-61,
[Names, English]
 
[0165] Halle, M.; Keyser, S.J. (1971) English stress: its form, its growth and its role in verse (New York: Harper and Row),
[phonetics]
 
[0166] Hamalainen, Annika (2002) "A measure of acoustic confusability and exploiting uncertainty in speech recognition system design" (University of Edinburgh),
[surnames; phonetics] {An examination of the confusable names in a large database. Section 4.3 talks about Zipf's Law and Surnames {URL http://www.ling.ed.ac.uk/teaching/postgrad/mscslp/archive/dissertatio ns/2001-2/annika_hamalainen.pdf} }
 
[0167] Hamming, R.W. (1986) Coding and information theory (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall), 2nd,
[algorithms]
 
[0168] Hanks, Patrick; Hodges, Flavia (1988) A dictionary of surnames, {ISBN 0192115928}
[Names, British]
 
[0169] Harland, Derek (1963) "Genealogical Research Standards (A Basic Course in Genealogy, Vol. 2)",
[record linkage] {One book that I really like on genealogy is called "Genealogical Research Standards" by Derek Harland (first published as "A Basic Course in Genealogy, Vol. 2") (Salt Lake City, UT: Bookcraft, Inc., 1963.) The first section, "Evidence Evaluation and Discrepancies" contains 4 chapters that deal with evaluating genealogical records, dealing with discrepancies, and linking records and people in as scholarly manner as existing records permit. Although it has nothing to do with using computers for record analysis, I think he gives a real good system to analyze records. [troyadair@utah-inter.net (Troy Adair)]}
 
[0170] Harrison, Gyda; Harrison, Henry (1969) Surnames of the United Kingdom : a concise etymological dictionary (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company),
[Names, British; Etymology] {Reprint of the 1912 ed}
 
[0171] Harvey, Charles; Press, Jon (1996) Databases in historical research: theory, methods and applications (Basingstoke)
[information retrieval]
 
[0172] Hassall, W. O. (1967) History through surnames (Oxford; New York: Pergamon Press),
[Names, British]
 
[0173] Hatcher, John (1984) Index to the surnames in the 1851 census for the Western part of Surrey (Farnborough, Hants: West Surrey Family History Society),
[Names, English]
 
[0174] Hayes, Bruce (1996) "Phonetically driven phonology: the role of optimality theory and inductive grounding", Conference on Formalism and Functionalism in Linguistics (Milwaukee)
[phonetics]
 
[0175] Henstock, A. (1973) "House Repopulation From the Census Returns of 1841 and 1851", Local Population Studies, vol. 10, pp. 37-52,
[record linkage] {Description of the linking together of the 1841 and 1851 Census Returns and the Tithe Apportionments and Maps of the 1830s, 40s and 50s. (UNL PER 300 LOC)}
 
[0176] Hermansen, J.C. (1985) "Automatic name searching in large data bases of international names" (Washington, DC: Georgetown University),
[information retrieval]
 
[0177] Hertz, S.R. (1979) "Appropriateness of different rule types in speech synthesis", Ed. Wolf, J.J.; Klatt, D.H.; Speech communication papers (Acoustical Society of America), vol. No. 50, pp. 511-514,
[algorithms; text to speech]
 
[0178] Hertz, S.R. (1981) "SRS text-to-phoneme rules: a three-level strategy", Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), pp. 102-105,
[text to speech]
 
[0179] Hertz, S.R. (1982) "From text to speech with SRS", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 72, pp. 1155-1170,
[text to speech]
 
[0180] Hertz, S.R. (1983) "The "morphology" of English spelling" (Cornell Phonetics Laboratory), pp. 17-28, {ISBN Working Paper 1}
[phonetics]
 
[0181] Hertz, S.R. (1985) "A versatile dictionary for speech synthesis by rule", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 77, no. Supplement 1, S11,
[text to speech]
 
[0182] Hieronymus, J.L. (1994) "ASCII phonetic symbols for the world's languages: Worldbet" (AT&T Bell Laboratories) (Technical Memo),
[phonetics]
 
[0183] Hitching, F. K.; Hitching, S. (1911) References to English surnames in 1602 : an index giving about 20,500 references to surnames contained in the printed registers of 964 English parishes during the second year of the XVII. century (London: C. A. Bernau),
[Names, English]
 
[0184] Hitchon, J. (1983) "Russell Soundex Code: a BBC Basic program", Computers in Genealogy, vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 122-123,
[record linkage; Soundex]
 
[0185] Hochberg, J.; Mniszewski, S.M.; Calleja, T.; Papcun, G.J. (1990) "What's in a name? Last names as a computational problem" (Los Alamos, NM: Los Alamos National Laboratory) (Unpublished manuscript),
[algorithms]
 
[0186] Hochberg, J.; Mniszewski, S.M.; Calleja, T.; Papcun, G.J. (1991) "A default hierarchy for pronouncing English", IEEE Transactions on Pattern Matching and Machine Intelligence, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 957-964,
[phonetics]
 
[0187] Hollingsworth, T. H. (1969) "Historical Demography",
[record linkage] {Ref Razzell - discussion of reconsitution methodology}
 
[0188] Holmes, W.N. (1975) "Identification number design", The Computer Journal, vol. 14, pp. 102-107,
[record linkage]
 
[0189] Hope, Robert Charles (1883) A glossary of dialectal place-nomenclature : to which is appended a list of family surnames pronounced differently from what the spelling suggests (London: Simpkin Marshall 1883.),
[Names, British]
 
[0190] Howe, G.R. (1998) "Use of computerized record linkage in cohort studies", Epidemiological Review, vol. 20, pp. 112-121,
[record linkage]
 
[0191] Hu, T.C. (1982) "Heuristic algorithms", Combinatorial algorithms (Addison-Wesley), pp. 202-239,
[algorithms]
 
[0192] Hughes, Charles James Pennethorne (1961) How you got your name: the origin and meaning of surnames (London: Phoenix House [label]: Hollywood-by-the-Sea Fla. Transatlantic Arts),
[Etymology; Names, English]
 
[0193] Hughes, Charles James Pennethorne (1967) Is thy name Wart? : The origins of some curious and other surnames, Aldine paperback; no. 66 (London: Dent),
[Names, English]
 
[0194] Hughes, Charles James Pennethorne (1973) Your book of surnames (London: Faber and Faber), {ISBN 057108124X}
[Names, British]
 
[0195] Hunnicutt, S. (1976) "Phonological rules for a text-to-speech system", American Journal of Computational Linguistics, vol. Microfiche 57,
[phonetics; text to speech]
 
[0196] Hunnicutt, S. (1980) "Grapheme to phoneme rules: a review", {ISBN STL-QPSR 2-3}
[text to speech]
 
[0197] Hutton, Graham (1963) Sign please! [On English surnames.] (London: Newman Neame Take Home Books),
[Names, English]
 
[0198] Innes, Cosmo (1860) Concerning some Scotch surnames (Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas),
[Names, Scottish] {Attributed to Cosmo Nelson Innes cf. OCLC Includes bibliographical references and index}
 
[0199] Iredale, D. (1977) "Discovering Your Old House",
[record linkage] {Though only a small book, part of which discusses how to date a house using architectural clues, it also contains a very good summary account of the various documents that should be sought in libraries and archives in order to determine the history of a house.}
 
[0200] Jardine, C. J.; MacFarlane, A. D. J. (1978) "Computer Input of Historical Records for Multi-Source Record Linkage", pp. 71-8,
[record linkage] {A fascinating account of the means by which completely transcribed documents were marked up in order to make the individuals, property, etc., and the relationships that they refer to evident, ready for computer input.}
 
[0201] Joyce, P. W.; Coghlan, Ronan; Grehan, Ida (1990) Book of Irish names : first, family & place names (Belfast: Appletree), {ISBN 086281247X}
[Names, Irish] {Originally published: New York : Sterling, 1989 Contents: Pocket guide to Irish first names / by Ronan Coghlan. 1985. - Pocket guide to Irish family names / by Ida Grehan. 1985. - Pocket guide to Irish place names / by P. W. Joyce. 1984}
 
[0202] Kaplan, R.M.; Kay, M. (1994) "Regular models of phonological rule systems", Computational Linguistics, vol. 20, no. 3,
[phonetics]
 
[0203] Kasabov, N.K. (1996) "Kohonen self-organising topological maps", Foundations of neural networks, fuzzy systems, and knowledge engineering (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 293-298,
[algorithms; information retrieval]
 
[0204] Kenstowicz, Michael (1994) Phonology in generative grammar (Blackwell),
[phonetics]
 
[0205] King, S. (1994) "Record Linkage in a Protoindustrial Community", History and Computing, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 27-33,
[record linkage] {" . . . a database containing over 80,000 demographic records relating to two Yorkshire villages has been assembled. This article traces the logic, problems and outcome of applying substantially automated Family Reconstitution techniques to one of these villages. In particular, it is suggested that by learning a relatively simple programming language like Rexx, it is possible to overcome the limitations of established database programs and bypass much of the monotony of the kind that characterizes manual linkage."}
 
[0206] Klatt, D.H.; Shipman, D.W. (1982) "Letter-to-phoneme rules: a semi-automatic discovery procedure", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 82, no. 737-793,
[text to speech] {THIS REFERENCE MAY BE WRONG!}
 
[0207] Klatt, D.H. (1987) "Review of text to speech conversion for English", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 82, no. 3, pp. 737-793,
[text to speech] {THIS REFERENCE MAY BE WRONG!}
 
[0208] Klein, Shelley (2002) Stufflebeem, Brockway & Sturt : the origins of our surnames (London: Michael O'Mara), {ISBN 1854798642}
[Names, British] {Includes bibliographical references}
 
[0209] Knuth, D.E. (1973) "Sorting and searching", The art of computer programming (Addison-Wesley), vol. 3, pp. 391-392,
[algorithms]
 
[0210] Lait, A.J.; Randell, B. (1998) "An assessment of name matching algorithms", Society of Indexers Genealogical Group Newsletter, vol. 17 (February/March 1998), SIGGNL,
[record linkage; algorithms]
 
[0211] Lamb, Gregor (1981) Orkney surnames (Edinburgh: P. Harris), {ISBN 0862280257}
[Names, Scottish]
 
[0212] Laporte, E. (1988) "Méthodes algorithmiques et lexicales de phonétisation de textes" (Université de Paris VII),
[algorithms; text to speech]
 
[0213] Lasker, Gabriel Ward; Mascie-Taylor, C. G. N.; Boyce, A. J.; Brush, G. (1985) Surnames and genetic structure, Cambridge studies in biological anthropology; 1 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), {ISBN 0521302854}
[Names, British]
 
[0214] Latham, Edward (1904) A dictionary of names, nicknames and surnames of persons, places and things (London; New York: G. Routledge & sons ltd : E.P. Dutton & co),
[Names, British]
 
[0215] Lawrance, Robert Murdoch (1913) Clan septs and surnames, Celtic Monthly; 1913 (Glasgow: Moffat),
[Names, Scottish] {Signed: Robert Murdoch Lawrance}
 
[0216] Leech, Ernest Bosdin (1948) Surnames in Lancashire, etc,
[Names, English]
 
[0217] Leeson, Frank; "A standard generation-letter system", Computers in Genealogy, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 76,
[record linkage]
 
[0218] Leiss, J.K.; Suchindran, C.M. (1996) "Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and local meteorologic temperature in North Carolina: no interaction", American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 144, pp. 111-115,
[record linkage]
 
[0219] Levenshtein, V.I. (1966) "Binary codes capable of correcting deletions, insertions and reversals", Soviet Physics Doklady, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 707-710, {Doklady Akadamii Nauk, USSR (1965) 163 (4), pp. 845-848}
[algorithms]
 
[0220] Levin, H. (1963) "A basic research program on reading" (Cornell University), {ISBN Final Report, Cooperative Research Project No. 639}
[phonetics]
 
[0221] Liberman, M.Y.; Prince, A. (1977) "On stress and linguistic rhythm", Linguistic Inquiry, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 249-336,
[phonetics]
 
[0222] Liverpool District Family History Society. Warrington Group (1985) Index of surnames: 1851 census: P.R.O. bundle no. H.O.107/2203 (S.l: s.n.),
[Names, English] {Transcribed and indexed by members of the Warrington Group of the Liverpool and District Family History Society}
 
[0223] Llitjós, A.F. (2001) "Improving pronunciation accuracy of proper names with language origin classes" (Carnegie Mellon University) (MA thesis),
[text to speech] {Includes an interesting (and not particularly technical) overview of the problems of mapping letters to sounds, and some of the approaches that have been tried. {URL http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~aria/mthesis-cmu.htm} }
 
[0224] Lombardi, Linda (1998) "University of Maryland Working Papers in Linguistics: manuscript" (University of Maryland),
[phonetics]
 
[0225] Lothaire, M. (1997) "Words and trees", Combinatorics on words (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 213-227,
[algorithms]
 
[0226] Lower, Mark Antony (1875) English surnames : An essay on family nomenclature, historical, etymological, and humorous; with several illustrative appendices (London: J.R. Smith),
[Names, English]
 
[0227] Lower, Mark Antony (1988) A dictionary of surnames (Ware: Wordsworth Editions), {ISBN 1853269166}
[Names, British] {Facsimile of the ed. published as A dictionary of the family names of the United Kingdom. London : J.R. Smith, 1860}
 
[0228] Luc, J. (1995) "Multimodal maps: an agent-based approach", International Conference on Cooperative Multimodal Communication (CMC95), 24-26 May 1995, Eindhoven, The Netherlands (Eindhoven)
[algorithms]
 
[0229] Lucas, S.M.; Damper, R.I. (1992) "Syntactic neural networks for bi-directional text-phonetics translation", Ed. Bailly, G.; Benoit, C.; Talking machines: theories, models and designs (North-Holland Publishers),
[algorithms; text to speech]
 
[0230] Lucassen, J.M.; Mercer, R.L. (1984) "An information theoretic approach to the automatic determination of phonemic baseforms", Proceedings of ICASSP-84 (San Diego, CA) pp. 42.5.1-42.5.3,
[phonetics]
 
[0231] Lutz, Richard (2001) "The use of phonological information in automatic name searching" (Onomastix),
[phonetics; information retrieval] {No references {URL http://www.onomastix.com/about_ono/whitepapers/wp_aipa.htm} }
 
[0232] Lutz, Richard; Greene, Stephan (2001) "Measuring phonological similarity: the case of personal names" (Onomastix),
[phonetics; record linkage] {References extracted {URL http://www.onomastix.com/about_ono/whitepapers/wp_lsa.htm} }
 
[0233] Lynch, B.T.; Arends, W.I. (1977) Selection of a surname encoding procedure for the Statistical Reporting Service record linkage system (Washington, DC: United States Department of Agriculture),
[record linkage]
 
[0234] M-K, M.; Digby, Long; Co (1892) Surnames (London: Digby Long & Co.),
[Names, British] {8p advertisement after text}
 
[0235] Mac Giolla Domhnaigh, Padraig (1923) Some Anglicised surnames in Ireland (Dublin: The Gael Co-operative Society),
[Names, British] {"The Gaelic origin of many surnames that in the present day wear an Anglicised appearance is clearly shown in this informative and intensely interesting publication."}
 
[0236] Mac Giolla Domhnaigh, Padraig (1975) [Some anglicised surnames in Ireland.] Some Ulster surnames (Clodhanna Teo.: Baile Atha Cliath), {ISBN 0950126489}
[Names, British]
 
[0237] Macbain, Alexander (1911) Etymology of the principal Gaelic national names, personal names, surnames : to which is added a disquisition on Ptolemy's Geography of Scotland (Stirling: E. Mackay),
[Etymology; Names, Scottish] {"The following etymology of the principal Gaelic national names, personal names, and surnames was originally, and still is, part of the Gaelic Etymological Dictionary by the late Dr Macbain."--Pref}
 
[0238] Macfarlane, A.; Harrison, S.; Jardine, C. (1977) "Reconstructing Historical Communities",
[record linkage] {(UNL 301.340722 MAC) This fascinating book describes the development and use of a sophisticated manual technique for creating a set of inter-related indexes to data obtained from a variety of documents in order to perform a "total reconstitution" of a given small community. The technique is illustrated mainly by reference to a fourteen-year long study of the history of the villages of Earls Colne in Essex, and Kirby Lonsdale in Cumbria, covering the period 1500-1750. The twelve document types dealt with in detail are: Anglican parish registers, manorial rentals, court baron land transfers, frankpledge listings, court leek cases, church court cases, quarter sessions cases, assize depositions, hearth tax records, wills, probate inventories, and population listings. For each of these document types, details of the indexing techniques used are described. In the case of Earls Colne, whose population was about 1200, the parish registers alone resulted in about 30,000 index cards, and the total for the twelve sets of records was nearly 140,000 cards. The analyses that the integrated set of indexes make feasible are very impressive. Far more complete family reconstructions can be produced than would be possible using just the parish register data. (One example shows a family tree which includes 25 marriages only four of which could be traced from parish register entries alone.) Similarly, extremely detailed historical accounts of the ownership and land and property are made feasible. (For Earls Colne it is "possible to know who owned every one of the approximately 650 separate parcels of property, land or housing, at any point in the last four hundred years.") Moreover, much can be learnt about the accuracy and the completeness of the data contained in the various types of document, and indeed about what some of the documents really mean, so that the author claims that one can learn far more about a typical English community during the period covered, both on an individual basis, and as a whole, than had hitherto been thought possible. The final chapter, incidentally, contains a careful analysis of how the manual techniques described could be aided by computer processing (albeit written in terms of then-current large mainframe computers). The task of doing a complete family reconstitution project manually for a village of 1000 inhabitants over a period of 300 years, based solely on parish registers, is estimated at 1,500 hours. A "total reconstitution" of the type described of such a community is estimated as needing 10 to 20 manyears if performed manually, or about 3 to 4 manyears if aided by computer.}
 
[0239] MacLysaght, Edward (1997) The surnames of Ireland (Blackrock, Co. Dublin: Irish Academic Press), {ISBN 0716523671 (jacket : cased ed); 0716523663}
[Names, Irish] {Vol. is in fact a reprint of the 4th ed., 1985}
 
[0240] Macveigh, James (1888) The Scottish nation; ot, the historical and genealogical account of all Scottish families and surnames (Dumfries: Macveigh),
[Names, Scottish] {These vols are almost identical with Anderson's 'Scottish nation,' they are not the work of Macveigh, but a fraud, being a copy of Anderson's book, including the mistakes. See 'Scottish Antiquary' July 1896}
 
[0241] Manchester Lancashire Family History Society (1984) 1851 census surname index of Manchester ([Manchester]: The Society), {ISBN 0947701001}
[Names, English]
 
[0242] Manchester Lancashire Family History Society (1995) 1851 census surname index of Lancashire (Manchester: Manchester & Lancashire Family History Society), {ISBN 1870277333}
[Names, English]
 
[0243] Marker, I. J.; Warth, K. E.; Guild of One-Name Studies (1987) Surname periodicals : a world-wide listing of one-name genealogical publications (London: Guild of One-Name Studies), {ISBN 0950827126} {Bibliography included}
[Names, British] {Includes index}
 
[0244] Mascie-Taylor, C. G. N.; Lasker Gabriel, Ward; Guild of One-Name, Studies (1990) Atlas of British surnames : with 154 maps of selected surnames (Detroit, Mich.: Wayne State University Press), {ISBN 0814322530}
[Names, British] {Includes bibliographical references (p 7-8) and index}
 
[0245] Matheson, Robert E. (1982) Special report on surnames in Ireland : [together with] Varieties and synonymes of surnames and christian names in Ireland (Baltimore: Genealogical Pub. Co.), {ISBN 0806301872}
[Names, Irish] {Reprint in one vol: originally published as Varieties and synonymes of surnames and christian names in Ireland: Dublin, 1901; and Special report on surnames in Ireland: Dublin, 1909}
 
[0246] Matthews, C. M. (1966) English surnames (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson c1966), {ISBN 0297748122} {Bibliography included}
[Names, English] {Bibliography: pp. 313-316}
 
[0247] Matthews, C. M. (1977) How surnames began (London [etc.]: Beaver Books 1977), {ISBN 0600345351} {Bibliography included}
[Names, English; Etymology] {Bibl.: p.145-146. - Index Originally published: Guildford : Lutterworth Press, 1967}
 
[0248] Mavrogeorge, B.B. (1993) "Coding and techniques" (March 1993),
[algorithms]
 
[0249] McCormick, S.; Hertz, S.R. (1989) "A new approach to English text-to-phoneme conversion using delta, version 2. 117th meeting", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 85, no. Supplement 1, S124,
[text to speech]
 
[0250] McIlroy, M.D. (1974) "Synthetic English speech by rules" (Bell Telephone Laboratories) (Memo),
[text to speech]
 
[0251] McKinley, R. A.; University of Leicester Department of English Local History (1969) Norfolk surnames in the sixteenth century, Occasional Papers / University of Leicester; 2nd Series, no.2,
[Names, English]
 
[0252] McKinley, R. A. (1975) Norfolk and Suffolk surnames in the Middle Ages, English surnames series; 2 (London (etc.): Phillimore for the Marc Fitch Fund), {ISBN 085033196X} {Bibliography included}
[Names, English] {Includes bibliographical references and index Spine title: Norfolk and Suffolk in the Middle Ages}
 
[0253] McKinley, Richard (1981) The surnames of Lancashire, English surnames series; 4 (London: Leopard's Head 1981), {ISBN 0904920054} {Bibliography included}
[Names, English] {Includes index}
 
[0254] McKinley, Richard (1988) The surnames of Sussex, English surnames series; 5 (Oxford: Leopard's Head Press), {ISBN 0904920143} {Bibliography included}
[Names, English] {Includes index}
 
[0255] McKinley, Richard (1990) A history of British surnames, Approaches to local history (London: Longman 1990), {ISBN 0582018692 (v(pbk)); 0582018692 (PPR); 0582018706 (CSD)}
[Names, British] {Includes index}
 
[0256] McKinley, R. A.; Postles, David (1995) The surnames of Devon, English surnames series; 6 (Oxford: Leopard's Head Press), {ISBN 0904920259}
[Names, English]
 
[0257] Meng, H.M. (1995) "Phonological parsing for bi-directional letter-to-sound and sound-to-letter generation" (Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (PhD Thesis),
[text to speech]
 
[0258] Mills, D. R. (1978) "The Technique of House Repopulation: Expereince from a Cambridgeshire village, 1841", Local Historian, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 86-94,
[record linkage] {Describes the technique of (manual) linking of the 1841 Census Return, and a 1839 Tithe Apportionment, aided by various other information sources, used to "repopulate" the houses of the Cambridgeshire village of Melbourn.}
 
[0259] Mitchell, Brian; Genealogy Centre of Derry (1992) The surnames of Derry (Derry: Genealogy Centre), {ISBN 0951331817}
[Names, Irish]
 
[0260] Monk, Murial; Somerset Dorset Family History Society (1987) 1851 census surname index Dorset (Taunton: Somerset and Dorset Family History Society), {ISBN 0951030957}
[Names, English] {Subtitle: Including the following parishes, Abbotsbury, Bincombe, Broadwey, Buckland Ripers, Chickerell, Fleet, Langton Herring, Osmington, Owermoigne, Portesham, Portland, Portland Prison, Poxwell, Preston & Sutton Poyntz, Radipole, Upwey. - Vol.2 bears work title: Indexes of the 1851 census Dorset}
 
[0261] Moore, A. W.; Rhys, John (1906) Manx names. The surnames and place-names of the Isle of Man,
[Names, British]
 
[0262] Morgan, T. J.; Morgan, Prys (1985) Welsh surnames (Cardiff: University of Wales Press), {ISBN 0708309364 (pbk); 0708308805 (cased)} {Bibliography included}
[Names, Welsh] {Bibliography: p206-211}
 
[0263] Name (1888) What's in a Name? Surnames and their significance (London: Sonnenschein & Co.),
[Names, British]
 
[0264] National Health Service; Department of Health (1990) "Working for patients: framework for implementing systems: the next steps" (London: HMSO),
[record linkage]
 
[0265] Nault, F.; Desjardins, B. (1989) "Computers and Historical Demography: the reconstitution of the early Québec population", vol. II, pp. 143-148,
[record linkage] {Description of a very large family reconstruction project; it is stated that the method used, though "often incorrect at the individual level . . . yields results that are statistically valid."}
 
[0266] Newcombe, H.B.; Kennedy, J.M.; Axford, S.J.; James, A.P. (1959) "Automatic linkage of vital records", Science, vol. 130, no. 3381, pp. 954-959,
[record linkage]
 
[0267] Newcombe, H. B.; Kennedy, J. M. (1962) "Record Linkage: making maximum use of the discriminating power of identifying information", Comm. ACM, vol. 5, pp. 563-565,
[record linkage]
 
[0268] Newcombe, H.B. (1967) "The design of efficiency systems for linking records into individual and family histories", American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 19, pp. 335-339,
[record linkage]
 
[0269] Newcombe, H.B. (1987) "Record linking: the design of efficiency systems for linking records into individual and family histories", Ed. Baldwin, J.A.; Acheson, E.D.; Graham, W.J.; Textbook of medical record linkage (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 39-54,
[record linkage]
 
[0270] Newcombe, H.B. (1988) Handbook of record linkage: methods for health and statistical studies, administration, and business (Oxford: Oxford University Press),
[record linkage]
 
[0271] Ngan, Julie; Ganapathiraju, Aravind; Picone, Joseph (1998) "Improved surname pronunciations using decision trees",
[phonetics; text to speech] {References extracted {URL http://www.isip.msstate.edu/publications/conferences/icslp/1998/decis ion_trees/paper_v3.pdf} }
 
[0272] Nissel, M. (1987) "People count", A history of the General Register Office (London: HMSO), pp. 124-142,
[Names, British]
 
[0273] Noble, M. (1982) "Land Tax Returns and Urban Development", Local Historian, vol. 15, pp. 86-42,
[record linkage] {land tax p/c} {An analysis of ten year samples of the land tax returns of six market towns in the East Riding of Yorkshire. "The problem of counting a property owner twice was avoided by using a card index of personal names which recorded place of residence, a description of the land and/or property held, and the tax paid at successive dates. Family ties and inheritance were not assumed merely by surname, only when definite evidence existed to indicate such a tie. This apart, all new names that appeared in the assessment were counted as 'new' taxpayers, although some of the property may have been an unidentified inheritance. . . .The turnover of land and property, in ten-year periods, was analyzed by calculating the number of new taxpayers and the numbers leaving and staying respectively for each period. The total number of landowners and the total number of taxable properties were also recorded. Owner occupiers were analyzed as a percentage of all taxpayers, while the number of 'multiple tenancies', that is those properties tenanted by several individuals, was also noted."}
 
[0274] O'Farrell, Padraic (2002) Irish surnames (Dublin: Gill & Macmillan), {ISBN 0717133389}
[Names, Irish]
 
[0275] O'Malley, M.H. (1990) "Text-to-speech conversion technology", Computer IEEE, pp. 17,
[text to speech]
 
[0276] O'Shaughnessy, D.; Lennig, M.; Mermelstein, P.; Divay, M. (1981) "Simulation d'un lecteur automatique du Français", 12ème Journées d'Études sur la Parole (Montréal, Canada)
[text to speech]
 
[0277] Odell, M.K.; Russell, R.C. (1922) "Soundex phonetic comparison system", {ISBN U.S. Patent 1261167 (1918)} U.S. Patent 1435663 (1922)
[Soundex]
 
[0278] Odell, J.J. (1992) "The use of decision trees with context sensitive phoneme modelling", Engineering Dept (Cambridge: Cambridge University) (MPhil thesis),
[phonetics; algorithms]
 
[0279] Onomastix; "Onomastix White Papers on surname matching",
[record linkage] {URL http://www.onomastix.com/about_ono/whitepapers.asp}
 
[0280] Parfitt, S.; Sharman, R. (1991) "A bi-directional model of English pronunciation", Proceedings of Eurospeech, vol. 2, pp. 801-804,
[phonetics]
 
[0281] Park, Keith; Park, Tracy (1993) Family history knowledge UK 1992/93 (Mountain Ash, Mid-Glamorgan: Family History Club), pp. 1088, {ISBN 1-873594-04-6}
[Names, British]
 
[0282] Pask, Teresa; Lincolnshire Family History Society (1992) 1851 census of Lincolnshire index of surnames (Lincoln: Lincolnshire Family History Society), {ISBN 1872584799}
[Names, English] {Previous ed.: published as Alphabetical index of surnames in the 1851 census of Lincolnshire. Lincoln : Family History Publications, 1982-1986}
 
[0283] Patman, Frankie; Shaefer, Leonard (2001) "Is Soundex good enough for you? On the hidden risks of Soundex-based name searching" (Onomastix),
[Soundex] {References extracted {URL http://www.onomastix.com/about_ono/whitepapers/wp_soundex.htm} }
 
[0284] Pidd, M. (1996) "Heuristic approaches", Tools for thinking: modelling in management science (John Wiley and Sons), pp. 281-310,
[algorithms]
 
[0285] Pierce, Claire O'Connor (1974) The origin and development of surnames in the British Isles (Ottawa: D.J. Pierce),
[Names, British; Etymology] {Bibliography : leaf 20}
 
[0286] Pine, L. G. (1969) The story of surnames (Newton Abbot [Eng.]: David & Charles),
[Names, British]
 
[0287] Postles, David (1998) The surnames of Leicestershire and Rutland, English surnames series; 7 (Oxford: Leopard's Head Press), {ISBN 0904920348}
[Names, English]
 
[0288] Preece, A.; Hui, K.; Gray, P.M.D. (1999) "KRAFT: supporting virtual organisations through knowledge fusion", Ed. Finin, T.; Grosof, B.; Artificial intelligence for electronic commerce: papers from the AAAI-99 Workshop (AAAI Press), pp. 33-38,
[algorithms]
 
[0289] Preece, A.; Hui, K.; Gray, W.A.; Marti, P.; Bench-Capon, T.J.M.; Jones, D.M.; Cui, Z. (1999) "The KRAFT architecture for knowledge fusion and transformation", 19th SGES International Conference on Knowledge-based Systems and Artificial Intelligence (ES'99) (Berlin: Springer),
[algorithms] {Best technical paper award}
 
[0290] Prince, Alan; Smolensky, Paul (1993) Optimality theory: constraint interaction in generative grammar (MIT Press),
[text to speech]
 
[0291] Prouts, B. (1980) "Contribution à la synthèse de la parole à partir de texte; transcription graphémo-phonétique en temps réel sur microprocesseur" (Paris, France: Université de Paris Sud, Orsay) (Thèse de Docteur-Ingénieur),
[text to speech; orthography; phonetics]
 
[0292] Quinlan, J.R. (1993) C4.5: programs for machine learning (Morgan Kaufmann Publishers),
[algorithms]
 
[0293] Quinn, Sean E. (2000) Surnames in Ireland (Bray, Ireland: Irish Genealogy Press), {ISBN 1871509394}
[Names, Irish] {Contains indexes}
 
[0294] Reaney, Percy Hide (1961) A dictionary of British surnames (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul),
[Names, British] {Reprint, with some corrections, of 1958 edition}
 
[0295] Reaney, P. H. (1980) The origin of English surnames (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul), {ISBN 0710003536}
[Names, English; Etymology] {Bibliography: p.xvii-xix. - Includes index Originally published: 1967}
 
[0296] Reaney, P. H.; Wilson, R. M. (1997) A dictionary of English surnames (Oxford: Oxford University Press), {ISBN 0198600925}
[Names, English] {Rev. ed. of: A dictionary of British surnames. 3rd ed. 1995}
 
[0297] Redmonds, George (1973) Yorkshire, West Riding, English surnames series; 1 (Chichester: Phillimore), {ISBN 0850330963} {Bibliography included}
[Names, English] {Bibl.: p.270-277. - Index}
 
[0298] Redmonds, George; Federation of Family History Societies (2002) Surnames and genealogy : a new approach (Bury: Federation of Family History Societies (Publications)), {ISBN 1860061591}
[Names, English] {Includes bibliographical references and indexes Originally published: New England Genealogical Society, 1997}
 
[0299] Rey, A.; Duval, A.; Vienne, B.; Struyf, B.; Divay, M.; Lootens, T.; Zimmermann, S. (1989) Le Robert Électronique, Ensemble d'Outils d'Aide à la Rédaction de Textes Français sur Disque Optique Compact (CD-ROM), vol. November, CD-ROM,
[phonetics]
 
[0300] Rhind, D.W.; Evans, I.S.; Dewdney, J.C. (1977) "The derivation of new variables from population census data" (Durham: University of Durham, Department of Geography, Census Research Unit),
[record linkage]
 
[0301] Rhodri Davies, H. (1994) "Automated Record Linkage of Census Enumerator's Books and Registration Data: Obstacles, Challenges and Solutions", History and Computing, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 16-26,
[record linkage] {"In this paper the need for individual-level longitudinal data to study nineteenth century fertility and migration is highlighted and reasons why so little work has been carried out in this area using record linkage techniques are given. After hopefully alleviating the fears about data quality we discuss a computer package which can be used to speed up the linkage process."}
 
[0302] Robson, Michael (1998) Surnames and clansmen : Border family history in earlier days (Port of Ness: M. Robson), {ISBN 0953401502} {Collective biographies}
[Names, Scottish; Names, English]
 
[0303] Rogers, John (1988) "Family reconstitution: new information or misinformation?",
[record linkage] {Ref WorldCat}
 
[0304] Rogers, Colin (1995) The surname detective : investigating surname distribution in England, 1086-present day (Manchester, UK; New York; New York: Manchester University Press : Distributed exclusively in the USA and Canada by St. Martin's Press), {ISBN 0719040485 (pbk); 0719040477 (hbk)}
[Names, English]
 
[0305] Rogers, Kenneth (1995) More Vikings & surnames ([Sheffield?]: K.H. Rogers), {ISBN 0952596709}
[Names, British] {"A sequel to Vikings & surnames, 1991" Cover title: More Vikings and surnames}
 
[0306] Rowlands, John; Rowlands, Sheila; Federation of Family History Societies (1996) The surnames of Wales : for family historians and others (Birmingham: Federation of Family History Societies (Publications)), {ISBN 1860060250}
[Names, Welsh]
 
[0307] Ruggles, Steven (1992) "Migration, Marriage and Mortality: Correcting sources of Bias in English Family Reconstitution", Population Studies, vol. 4, pp. 507,
[record linkage] {Ref Razzell}
 
[0308] Scheuren, F.; Winkler, W.E. (1996) "Recursive merging and analysis of administrative lists and data", Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods (American Statistical Association),
[record linkage]
 
[0309] Schofield, R. S. (1972) "The Standardisation of Names and the Automatic Linking of Historical Records", Annales de démographie historique,
[record linkage; Soundex]
 
[0310] Schürer, K. (1987) "Historical demography, social structure and the computer", Ed. Denley, P.; Hopkin, D.; History and computing (Manchester: Manchester University Press), pp. 33-45,
[record linkage]
 
[0311] Schürer, K.; Oeppen, J.; Schofield, R. (1989) "Theory and methodology: an example from historical demography", Ed. Denley, P.; Fogelvik, S.; Harvey, C.; History and Computing II (Manchester: Manchester University Press), pp. 130-142,
[record linkage]
 
[0312] Scottish Record Office (1969) List of modern forms of surnames, for indexing purposes,
[Names, Scottish] {Xerox of a typescript}
 
[0313] Secretaries of State for Health - Wales - Northern Ireland - Scotland (1989) "Working for patients: framework for implementing systems: the next steps" (London: HMSO), {ISBN CM 555}
[record linkage]
 
[0314] Sejnowski, T.J.; Rosenberg, C.R. (1987) "NETtalk: parallel networks that learn to pronounce English text", Complex Systems, vol. 1, pp. 145-168,
[text to speech]
 
[0315] Sellers, P.H. (1974) "An investigation", Journal of Combinatorial Theory, vol. 16, pp. 253-258,
[algorithms]
 
[0316] Sethi, I.K.; Sarvarayuda, G. (1982) "Hierarchical classifier design using mutual information", IEEE Transactions on Pattern Matching and Machine Intelligence, vol. PAMI-4, pp. 441-445,
[algorithms]
 
[0317] Sharpe, P. (1990) "The Total Reconstitution Method: a tool for class-specific study?", Local Population Studies, vol. 44,
[record linkage] {Ref: Rogers and Green - indicates it deals with the problems of name variations. At NCL - not on shelf 920814}
 
[0318] Sims, Clifford Stanley (1969) The origin and signification of Scottish surnames : with a vocabulary of Christian names (Rutland, Vt.: C. E. Tuttle Co.), {ISBN 0804804583}
[Names, Scottish] {"First published in 1862."}
 
[0319] Skeat, Walter W. (1907) On the survival of Anglo-Saxon names as modern surnames (London: Kegan Paul Trench Trubner),
[Names, English] {Offprint: Transactions of the Philological Society (1907)}
 
[0320] Skolnick, M. (1973) "The Resolution of Ambiguities in Record Linkage", pp. 102-127,
[record linkage] {The method described is based on the estimation of maximum likelihoods, and applied to the linking of records from medieval Italian parish registers, for purposes of genetic research. "The method [uses] the decision making techniques developed in artificial intelligence projects . . . The artificial intelligence approach consists of building a family of related solutions, developing a method of keeping the family of reasonable solutions small, and selecting the best solution with minimum effort and maximum accuracy. . . The frequencies of the nominal identifiers in the records to be linked forms the basis of the likelihoods. If one has the distribution of each forename and surname by parish, by time period and by type of record, one can calculate the probability that a link between two records will be made by chance. Thus if a record has much missing data, and the only data which is compatible consists of common names, the probability of a match, made at random, being compatible is quite large. If there are many identifiers, and some of them are rare names, the probability of a compatible match occurring is quite low, and can be estimated. . . Likelihoods are also computed from age error distributions which are formed from records whose links are most certain. . . A heuristic computer program, LINK, is being developed for the resolution of ambiguities in record linking. It is being constructed in a manner similar to the heuristic DENDRAL computer program."}
 
[0321] Skolnick, M. J.; Légaré, J.; Beauchamp, P.; Charbonneau, H.; Corsini, C.; LéMée, R.; Lynch, K. (1978) "Conference on Methods of Automatic Family Reconstruction",
[record linkage] {Ref: Willigan & Lynch (1982): "A general overview of the state of the art".}
 
[0322] Snae, Chakkrit; Diaz, Bernard (2001) "An interface for mining genealogical nominal data using the concept of linkage and a hybrid name matching algorithm" (University of Liverpool),
[record linkage; algorithms] {References extracted {URL http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~chakkrit/Publications/hc2001_Journal.pdf} }
 
[0323] Snae, Chakkrit (2001) "An investigation of linkage in nominal data" (University of Liverpool),
[record linkage] {References extracted {URL http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~chakkrit/Publications/Prep2001_Paper.pdf} }
 
[0324] Snae, Chakkrit; Diaz, Bernard (2001) "Name matching for linkage among English parish register records", Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Conference, Toulouse, France, 2001 (Toulouse)
[record linkage]
 
[0325] Society for Lincolnshire History; Archaeology Family History Sub-committee (1982) Alphabetical index of surnames in the 1851 census of Lincolnshire (Lincoln: Society for Lincolnshire History and Archaeology Family History Sub-Committee),
[Names, English]
 
[0326] Spiegel, M.F. (1985) "Pronouncing surnames automatically", Proceedings of AVIOS,
[text to speech; phonetics]
 
[0327] Spiegel, M.F.; Machi, M.J. (1990) "Synthesis of names by a demi-syllable-based speech synthesizer (Orator)", Journal of the American Voice Input/Output Society, vol. 7, pp. 1-10,
[phonetics; text to speech]
 
[0328] Squire (1990) "Expert Systems in Genealogy", Computer in Genealogy, vol. 3, no. 8,
[record linkage] {334} {Briefly argues the potential utility of expert systems for various genealogical applications.}
 
[0329] Stanier, Alan (1990) "How accurate is Soundex matching?", Computers in Genealogy, vol. 3, no. 7 (September 1990),
[Soundex] {URL http://www.essex.ac.uk/AMS/articles/Soundex.html}
 
[0330] Stephen, G.A. (1994) "Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm", String searching algorithms (Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd), pp. 6-25,
[algorithms]
 
[0331] Stevens, S.S. (1946) "On the theory of scales of measurement", Science, vol. 103, no. 2684, pp. 677-680,
[information retrieval]
 
[0332] Stevenson, Noel C. (1979) "Genealogical Evidence; a guide to the standard of proof relating to pedigrees, ancestry, heirship and family history",
[record linkage] {An excellent account by a lawyer and genealogist of the standards of proof that should be sought in establishing an individual's ancestry, whether for producing a documented genealogy, or for legal purposes. Though aimed at an American readership, and dealing mainly with American records and laws, it is well worthy of study by genealogists in other countries, particularly the UK and Ireland given the links (both of emigration, and of legal heritage) between the British Isles and the USA. Quotes from many legal judgements, but nevertheless is very readable. Provides careful and thought-provoking analyses of the strengths and weaknesses, as genealogical evidence, of various types of official records (vital, court, land and census records), church and family bible records, newspaper files, monuments, etc., and published and private genealogies and genealogical directories - a number of which are roundly criticised, Burke's Peerage in particular. the rules of evidence in our legal system and in effect in our court proceedings are too technical and not completely practical for genealogical, historical and biographical research. This belief is not valid." This is perhaps shown best by the excellent chapter on "Rules of Evidence Applied to Genealogy". The book is thus a great antidote to the motherhood statements about the need for careful research found in many guides to genealogy. Rev. ed. published in 1989 -}
 
[0333] Sturges, Christopher M.; Haggett, Brian C. (1987) Inheritance of English surnames (London: Hawgood Computing), {ISBN 0948151021}
[Names, British; Etymology]
 
[0334] Swart, E. R. (1989) "A Computer Simulation of the Ineradicable Uncertainty in Genealogical Research", Family History, no. 118, pp. 389-396,
[record linkage]
 
[0335] Thaller, M. (1987) "Methods and Techniques of Historical Computation", pp. 147-156,
[record linkage] {A general discussion of desirable characteristics and capabilities of database systems used for various types of "historical computation", including record linkage.}
 
[0336] Thimonnier, R. (1978) Code orthographique et grammatical (Collections Marabout),
[orthography]
 
[0337] Thorvaldsen, Gunnar (1992) "Record Linkage on the Micro Computer",
[record linkage]
 
[0338] Titford, John (2002) Searching for surnames : a practical guide to their meanings and origins (Newbury: Countryside), {ISBN 1853067652}
[Names, English; Etymology] {Includes bibliographical references and index}
 
[0339] United States of America (1920) Guide to Similar Surnames,
[Names, British]
 
[0340] van Heijst; Schreiber; Wielinga; Using explicit ontologies in KBS development,
[information retrieval]
 
[0341] Venezky, R.L. (1962) "A computer program for deriving spelling to sound correlations" (Cornell University) (MA Thesis),
[text to speech; phonetics] {Published in part in Levin (1963)}
 
[0342] Venezky, R.L. (1966) "Automatic spelling-to-sound conversion", Computation in linguistics: a case book (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press),
[text to speech; phonetics]
 
[0343] Venezky, R.L.; Weir, R. (1966) "A study of selected spelling-to-sound correspondence patterns" (Stanford: Stanford University), {ISBN Final Report, Cooperative Research Project No. 3090}
[text to speech; phonetics]
 
[0344] Venezky, R.L. (1967) "English orthography: its graphical structure and its relation to sound", Reading Research Quarterly, vol. II,
[orthography; phonetics; text to speech]
 
[0345] Venezky, R.L. (1967) "Reading: grapheme-phoneme relationships", Education, vol. 87, pp. 519-524,
[text to speech; phonetics]
 
[0346] Venezky, R.L. (1970) The basis of English orthography (The Hague: Mouton),
[orthography]
 
[0347] Verstappen, Peter (1982) The book of surnames : origins and oddities of popular names (London: Sphere Books), {ISBN 0722187432}
[Names, British; Etymology] {Originally published: London : Pelham, 1980}
 
[0348] Vetter, J. E.; Gonzalez, J. R.; Gutman, M. P. (1994) "Computer-Assisted Record Linkage Using a Relational Database System", History and Computing, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 34-51,
[record linkage] {"Our intent is not to present a theoretically or methodologically correct approach to nominal record linkage, but to describe the evolution of a semi-automated linkage technique particularly suited to the needs and resources of a university demographic research setting."}
 
[0349] Visser, P.R.S. (1997) "Structuring multiple ontologies in heterogeneous distributed architectures" (Martlesham Heath, Ipswich: Intelligent Business Systems, BT Laboratories) (Fellowship report),
[information retrieval]
 
[0350] Visser, P.R.S.; Bench-Capon, T.J.M. (1998) "A comparison of four ontologies for the design of legal knowledge systems", Artifical Intelligence and Law, vol. 6, no. 1 (25-57),
[information retrieval]
 
[0351] Visser, P.R.S.; Jones, D.M.; Beer, M.; Bench-Capon, T.J.M.; Diaz, Bernard; Shave, M.J.R. (1999) "Resolving ontological heterogeneity in the KRAFT project", DEXA-99, Florence, Italy, August 30 - September 3, 1999 (Florence)
[information retrieval]
 
[0352] Vitale, A.J. (1991) "An algorithm for high accuracy name pronunciation by parametric speech synthesizer", Computational Linguistics, vol. 17, no. 3,
[text to speech; algorithms]
 
[0353] Vitter, J.S.; Wen-Chin, C. (1987) "The probability model", Design and analysis of coalesced hashing (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 22-31,
[algorithms]
 
[0354] Weekley, Ernest (1936) Surnames (London: John Murray 1936),
[Etymology; Names, English] {Previous ed., 1917}
 
[0355] Weir, R. (1964) "Formulation of grapheme-phoneme correspondence rules to aid the teaching of reading" (Stanford: Stanford University), {ISBN Final Report, Cooperative Research Project No. S-039}
[phonetics; orthography]
 
[0356] Wells, J.C. (1982) Accents of English, an introduction (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press),
[phonetics] {Chapter 3}
 
[0357] White, G. Pawley (1981) A handbook of Cornish surnames (Redruth: Dyllansow Truran-Cornish Publications), {ISBN 095064319X}
[Names, English; Etymology] {Previous ed.: Camborne : G.P. White, 1972}
 
[0358] Whyte, Donald (1996) Scottish surnames and families (Edinburgh: Birlinn), {ISBN 1874744394} {Collective biographies}
[Names, Scottish] {Includes index}
 
[0359] Wild, W.G. (1968) "The theory of modulus N check digit systems", The Computer Bulletin, vol. 12, pp. 308-311,
[algorithms]
 
[0360] Willigan, J. D.; Lynch, K. A. (1982) "Sources and Methods of Historical Demography",
[record linkage] {A scholarly treatise on the whole subject of historical demography, but containing only a brief section on techniques for family reconstruction. This describes, as an example method, that of the Montreal group.}
 
[0361] Winchester, I. (1970) "The linkage of historical records by man and computer: techniques and problems", Journal of Interdisciplinary History, vol. 1, pp. 107-124,
[record linkage]
 
[0362] Winchester, I. (1973) "A Brief Survey of the Algorithmic, Mathematical and Philosophical Literature relevant to historical record linkage", pp. 128-154,
[record linkage] {"This survey consists of a discussion of the chief problems of record linkage which are relevant to historical data, followed by a select bibliography [of 54 items]. The discussion takes the form of a critical survey of literature about record linkage." An excellent account.}
 
[0363] Winkler, W.E. (1995) "Matching and record linkage", Ed. Cox; Binder; Chinnappa; Christianson; Culledge; Kott; Business survey methods (New York: John Wiley and Sons), pp. 355-384,
[record linkage]
 
[0364] Woulfe, Patrick (1923) Sloinnte Gaedheal is Gall: Irish names and surnames (Dublin: M. H. Gill & son),
[Names, Irish] {Part I was originally published in 1906 and reissued in 1922, enlarged Contents: Introduction. Bibliography--pt.I. The Irish name-system. Names of men: English-Irish. Names of women: English-Irish. Surnames: English-Irish.--pt.II. Names of men: Irish-English. Names of women: Irish-English. Surnames: Irish-Englis.--Appendix: Clan-names}
 
[0365] Wrigley, E.A. (1973) "Identifying people in the past: introduction", Identifying people in the past (London: Edward Arnold), pp. 1-16,
[record linkage]
 
[0366] Wrigley, E. A.; Schofield, R. S. (1973) "Nominal Record Linkage by Computer and the Logic of Family Reconstruction", pp. 64-101,
[record linkage] {Detailed account of the record linkage techniques used by the Cambridge group, including a section on Matchscoring and an Appendix on Name Spelling. The section on demographic constraints upon record linkage gives the following rules/heuristics: "1. Age at death is never greater than 100 years, unless age information in the burial record overrides this rule. 2. At the birth of a child the mother is never less than 15 or more than 50 years old, nor the father less than 15 or more than 75. 3. No two successive birth events to the same mother occur in less than 10 months and no three successive birth events in less than 22 months. 4. The interval between the end of a marriage and the remarriage of the surviving spouse must be less than 20 years. 5. First marriages (for both sexes) occur only when the bride or the groom is above 15 years of age and less than 50, unless age information in the marriage record overrides the rule. 6. All brides and grooms are less than 75 years of age at marriage unless age information in the marriage record overrides the rule. 7. Whenever an age is given in either one or both of the records involved in a possiible link the difference between the dates of the two records must be compatible with the age information given. 8. Where occupations are stated in both records involved in a possible link and they mismatch in a manner which is thought to be incompatible even with the most extreme assumptions about lifetime occupational mobility, no link is made (for example labourer/vicar). 9. In addition to the requirement that the names of the principal on two records should agree before a link is made, there must also be no disagreement about the names of any relatives named in both records (for example, if the names of both parents are recorded at the baptism of a child, and again when he is buried, they must not disagree if a BAP-BUR link is to be made)."}
 
[0367] Wrigley, E.A.; Schofield, R. (1989) The population of England 1541-1871: a reconstruction (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), revised version, {Published 1981 by Edward Arnold}
[record linkage]
 
[0368] Yarowsky, D. (1994) "Homograph disambiguation in text-to-speech synthesis", Second ESCA/IEEE Workshop on Speech Synthesis,
[text to speech]
 
[0369] Yvon, F. (1996) "Prononcer par analogie: motivation, formalisation et évaluation" (Paris, France: École Nationale des Télécommunications),
[text to speech]
 
[0370] Zobel, Justin; Dart, Philip W. (1996) "Phonetic String Matching: Lessons from Information Retrieval", SIGIR 1996, pp. 166-172,
[phonetics; information retrieval] {These are Univ. of Melbourne people, dept. of Computer Science. It's a good summary of some experimental work comparing different methods of phonetic matching. They reach the same conclusions as most other people - which includes the desirability of mixing different methods - phonetic, edit-distance etc. {URL http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/sigir/sigir96.html#Zo belD96} }